Tri- and tetraterpenoid hydrocarbons in the Messel oil shale

Kimble, B. J.; Maxwell, James R.; Philp, R. Paul; Eglinton, G.; Albrecht, Pierre; Ensminger, Alexander W.; Arpino, Patrick; Ourisson, Guy

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(74)90011-8

Cited by 172 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The 1-methyl and 4-methyl are clearly distinguished on mass spectral and chromatographic grounds (31), displaying for instance a 157/158 ion fragment ratio >1 and <1, respectively. The reconstructed ion current at m/z 191 of the alkane-alkene fraction reveals the occurrence of C 27 and C 30 Δ 17 (21) -hopenes, and C 27 17β-hopane (Figure 4), which were identified by comparison of their mass spectra and chromatographic retention times with literature data (26,32). The occurrence of sterene, aromatic steroid, hopene and sterane in humin pyrolysates can be explained in two ways.…”

Section: Steroids and Hopanoidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Occurrence of Biomarkers and Straight-Chain Biopolymers in Humin: Implication for the Origin of Soil Organic Matter

Lichtfouse

Leblond

Silva

et al. 1998

Naturwissenschaften

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Soil organic matter is a very complex mixture of compounds derived from the decay of living organisms such as plants, fungi and bacteria. The mechanisms that control the preservation of soil organic matter are poorly known. This is notably due to our scarce knowledge of the molecular structure of humin, the insoluble part of soil organic matter. Three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the formation of soil organic matter: the plant alteration hypothesis, the microbial synthesis hypothesis and the chemical polymerisation hypothesis. Here we used a "biomarker" approach, developped mainly in sedimentary geochemistry, to gain some insight on the mechanims of preservation of soil organic matter. We analysed the compounds occurring in soil humin. We isolated humin from a maize crop soil by solvent extraction to remove free lipids, then by NaOH extraction to remove humic and fulvic acids, then by HF/HCl treatment to remove minerals. The humin residue was then pyrolysed at 600°C. The pyrolysate was fractionated into alkane/alkene and aromatic fractions by silica gel column chromatography. The fractions were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We identified n-alkanes, n-alkenes, prist-1-ene, sterenes, hopenes and aromatic steroids in the humin pyrolysate. The results show that the stabilisation of soil humic substances may be achieved by selective preservation of lipids, involving three processes: encapsulation of small apolar molecules, chemical bonding of functionalized biomarkers, and preservation of straight-chain microbial polymers.

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Section: Steroids and Hopanoidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Occurrence of Biomarkers and Straight-Chain Biopolymers in Humin: Implication for the Origin of Soil Organic Matter

Lichtfouse

Leblond

Silva

et al. 1998

Naturwissenschaften

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“…The oven was programmed from 80 • C to 130 • C at a rate of 20 • C/min, and then to 310 • C (32.5 min) at a rate of 4 • C/min. The mass spectrometer was programmed to 70 eV and compounds were identified based on the relative retention time and by comparison with mass spectra reported in literature (Kimble et al, 1974;Volkman, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenation variability in Mejillones Bay, off northern Chile, during the last two centuries

Díaz-Ochoa

Pantoja²,

Lange

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The Peru Chile Current ecosystem is characterized by high biological productivity and important fisheries. Although this system is likely to be severely affected by climate change, its response to current global warming is still uncertain. In this paper, we analyze 10-166 year-old sediments in two cores collected from Mejillones Bay, an anoxic sedimentary setting favorable for the preservation of proxies. Based on a 166-year chronology, we used proxies of bottom-water oxygenation (Mo, V, S, and the (lycopane+n-C 35 )/n-C 31 ratio) and surface water productivity (biogenic opal, counts of diatom valves, biogenic Ba, organic carbon, and chlorins) to reconstruct environmental variations in Mejillones Bay. During the last two centuries, a shift took place in the coastal marine ecosystem of Bahia Mejillones at decadal scales. This shift was characterized by intense ENSO-like activity, largescale fluctuations in biological export productivity and bottom water oxygenation, and increased eolian activity (inferred from Ti/Al and Zr/Al). This short-term variability was accompanied by a gradual increase of sulfidic conditions that has intensified since the early 1960s.

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“…Currently, the diagenesis of carotenoids that survive until sediment stabilization and development of anoxic conditions is believed to be via progressive reduction of the polyene skeleton (Watts and Maxwell, 1977) and may well lead to the formation of such fossilized tetraterpenoids as perhydro-carotene 2 (i.e., carotane, Murphy et al, 1967) and perhydro-lycopene (i.e., lycopane: Kimble et al, 1974) isolated from the Green River and Messel oil shales, respectively.…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Tetrapyrrole, Carotenoid, and Perylene Pigments in Sediments from the San Miguel Gap (Site 467) and Baja California Borderland (Site 471), Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63

Tri- and tetraterpenoid hydrocarbons in the Messel oil shale

Cited by 172 publications

References 28 publications

Occurrence of Biomarkers and Straight-Chain Biopolymers in Humin: Implication for the Origin of Soil Organic Matter

Occurrence of Biomarkers and Straight-Chain Biopolymers in Humin: Implication for the Origin of Soil Organic Matter

Oxygenation variability in Mejillones Bay, off northern Chile, during the last two centuries

Geochemistry of Tetrapyrrole, Carotenoid, and Perylene Pigments in Sediments from the San Miguel Gap (Site 467) and Baja California Borderland (Site 471), Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 63

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