Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironments 1: Levels and profiles

Thuresson, Kaj; Björklund, Justina Awasum; Wit, Cynthia A. de

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.016

Cited by 107 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Currently, limited information on indoor air contamination of DecaBDEs can be found. The indoor air levels of DecaBDEs reported from other countries (medians < 42 pg/m 3 ) (Fromme et al, 2009;Johnson-Restrepo and Kannan, 2009;Batterman et al, 2010;Bjorklund et al, 2012) were much lower than the levels in the present study, except that higher concentrations (medians ¼ 130e3800 pg/ m 3 ) were found in Sweden (especially in offices and daycare centers) Thuresson et al, 2012). The substantially lower indoor air levels of PBDEs (except for DecaBDEs) in the present study were probably attributed to less rigorous fire prevention standard in China than in North America and Europe, which results in the small use of BFRs in indoor products and lower emission from the products.…”

Section: Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 88%

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

Ding

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tIndoor environments contribute a significant portion of human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) because of their extensive use in various household products. This study investigates the occurrence of a number of BFRs in the indoor and outdoor air in a megacity in southern China, in which little information on indoor BFRs contamination is available. The estimated total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 57 pg/m 3 indoors and from 1.21 to 1522 pg/m 3 outdoors. The indoor concentrations of lower brominated PBDEs that are mainly derived from the technical penta-and octa-BDE mixtures were higher than or comparable to the outdoors, while the indoor levels of DecaBDEs and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were apparently lower than the outdoors. The seasonal variations of BFR concentrations indicated that evaporation from old indoor products is the primary source of Penta-and OctaBDEs in the air, whereas most DecaBDEs and DBDPE concentrations showing weak temperature-dependence are largely released from industrial activities. The PBDE congener profiles in the air were generally similar, which were dominated by BDE209, 28, and 47; whereas the appreciable indooreoutdoor differences in the compositions are possibly due to emission sources, photochemical degradation, or congener-specific transport of BFRs in the indoor and outdoor air. Significant correlations between the indoor and outdoor BFRs were observed suggesting the exchange of BFRs between the two compartments, which are more noticeable for PentaBDEs and DecaBDEs with strong indoor and outdoor emission sources, respectively. This study provides significant insights into the sources of BFRs in urban air in China.

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Section: Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 88%

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

Ding

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…Our value in the outdoor air was only lower than those collected from vehicle parking areas (Li et al, 2016), and in the e-waste storage facilities (Muenhor et al, 2010), and a PRD community (Ding et al, 2016). In comparison with various indoor environments Thuresson et al, 2012;Newton et al, 2015;Shy et al, 2015), indoor air levels of PBDEs in the present study were lower than those in offices, day care centers, and cars, but higher than those in homes and apartments.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 68%

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

Gou

Hsu

Chao

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of the emerging persistent organic pollutants that have shown potential harmful effects in in-vivo and human studies. Our goal was to investigate 30 airborne PBDEs in day-to-night or indoor-to-outdoor in three vehicle dismantling factories located in southern Taiwan to assess worker risks. Thirty PBDEs including 15, 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 139, 140, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 191, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 were analyzed using high-resolution-gas chromatography/high-resolution-mass-spectrometer. Levels of airborne Σ 30 PBDEs were 275, 336, 200 and 494 p gm -3 in indoor daytime, indoor nighttime, outdoor daytime, and outdoor nighttime, respectively, and their differences were not significant. BDE-209 was the predominant congener among the 30 PBDEs consisting of 82.5-97.9% of Σ 30 PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air. Pollution characterizations of the PBDE patterns were similar in air samples except for the outdoor air in the nighttime. Diurnal variations in PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air were not observed. A principal component analysis was used to test for possible sources of PBDE contamination. BDE-209 in outdoor air was possibly contributed from PBDEs in indoor air, particularly from BDE-209. Characteristics of diurnal PBDE contamination in indoor and outdoor air in vehicle dismantling factories were linked to commercial technical OctaBDE (Bromkal 79-8DE) and DecaBDEs (Bromkal 82-0D and Saytex 102E) mixtures. The highest PBDE intakes of workers via inhalation were assessed as 41.8 and 32.7 pg kg -1 bw day -1 for male and female adults, respectively. It was hypothesized that airborne PBDEs in indoor factories are released from the surface of DecaBDE or OctaBDE technical formulations and influence outdoor air through ventilation or natural dispersion. However, occupational exposure through inhalation might be an important PBDE contamination pathway, but it is minor compared to PBDE dietary intake.

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“…In Table 1, several recent studies have shown that concentrations of brominated POPs, including PBDEs and HBCDs, can be detected in indoor dust and air samples Dirtu et al, 2012;Thuresson et al, 2012). In Sweden, Thuresson et al (2012) indicates that PBDEs can be detected in indoor air and dust from houses, apartments, day care centers, offices, and cars; while HBCDs have been detected in most samples of dust but in only a few indoor air samples. BDE-209 has been found to clearly be the predominant compound among PBDE and HBCD congeners in indoor dust and air, according to most articles published on the topic Thuresson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Brominated Pops In Indoor Aerosol and Dustmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Sweden, Thuresson et al (2012) indicates that PBDEs can be detected in indoor air and dust from houses, apartments, day care centers, offices, and cars; while HBCDs have been detected in most samples of dust but in only a few indoor air samples. BDE-209 has been found to clearly be the predominant compound among PBDE and HBCD congeners in indoor dust and air, according to most articles published on the topic Thuresson et al, 2012). The Swedish research team also found significant associations between levels of certain PBDEs and HBCDs in indoor air and/or dust .…”

Section: Brominated Pops In Indoor Aerosol and Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study has showed that for indoor and workplace air, their BDE-209 could be from the evaporative releases of products containing deca-BDE mixture, and the ventilation with outdoor ambient air . Many reports are also indicated that indoor air may be one of significant sources for the contamination of PBDEs and HBCDs into outdoor air through ventilation system or naturally dispersion (Abdallah et al, 2008;Besis and Samara, 2012;Björklund et al, 2012;Thuresson et al, 2012). Furthermore, boilers fueled with woods also emit PBDEs through their stack flue gases (Wang et al, 2010a), therefore, stoves and fireplaces that fuelled with woods could be a potential PBDE sources to the indoor environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Brominated POPs on the Neurodevelopment and Thyroid Hormones of Young Children in an Indoor Environment—A Review

Chao

Huang

Hsu

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The goal of this report is to evaluate brominated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the indoor air and dust to further assess their health effects on thyroid hormones and neurodevelopment in infants, toddlers, and young children. This category of brominated POPs includes polybrmonated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDD/DFs). These organobromines are lipophilic compounds which resist physical and chemical degradation in the environment and biota, and so easily bioaccumulate in adipose tissue. Brominated POPs, particularly in brominated fire retardants (BFRs) such as PBDEs, HBCDs, and PBBs, are ubiquitous in indoor environments due to their inadvertent release from certain consumer products. Some of these organobromines have been recognized in some in-vitro and in-vivo studies to be neurotoxins and disrupt thyroid hormones, although the evidence from actual epidemiological studies is contradicted and inconsistent, especially for infants, toddlers, and young children, who are particularly vulnerable to these substances as they spend most of their time in the home. This report focuses on exposure to PBDEs, HBCDs, PBBs, and PBDD/DFs in the indoor dust and on the indoor aerosol, to explore their association with human health, particularly the disruption of thyroid hormones and neurodevelopment in early childhood.

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Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in indoor air and dust from Stockholm microenvironments 1: Levels and profiles

Cited by 107 publications

References 59 publications

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

Impact of Brominated POPs on the Neurodevelopment and Thyroid Hormones of Young Children in an Indoor Environment—A Review

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