Tri-tert-butyl(n-alkyl)phosphonium Ionic Liquids: Structure, Properties and Application as Hybrid Catalyst Nanomaterials

Abstract

A series of sterically hindered tri-tert-butyl(n-alkyl)phosphonium salts (n-CnH2n+1 with n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17) was synthesized and systematically studied by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and melting point measurement. Formation and stabilization palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were used to characterize the phosphonium ionic liquid (PIL) nanoscale interaction ability. The colloidal Pd in the PIL systems was described with TEM and DLS analyses and applied in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The PILs were proven to be suitable stabilizers of PdNPs possessing high catalytic activity. The tri-tert-butyl(n-alkyl)phosphonium salts showed a complex nonlinear correlation of the structure–property relationship. The synthesized family of PILs has a broad variety of structural features, including hydrophobic and hydrophilic structures that are entirely expressed in the diversity of their properties

Oxygen-Containing Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (oxy-QPSs): Synthesis, Properties, and Cellulose Dissolution

“…In the current work, we systematically studied the influence of the oxygen-containing substituents in cation on the physical-chemical properties of oxy-QPSs. The obtained trends were compared with the previously reported alkyl-substituted analog [28,29]. Some features of the crystal packing of oxy-QPSs were discussed.…”

Multifunctional Modifying Systems Based on Ionic Liquids for Epoxy Resin Systems and Composites

“…Nevertheless, the applications of PhILs are diverse and in recent years the areas of their use have been presented as catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides [23], anticorrosive additives for pigments in epoxy coatings [24] or in the extraction of gold from thiosulfate solutions [25]. Moreover, many applications of this group of compounds in catalysis and carbon dioxide absorption are known [26,27]. In contrast, ionic liquids containing charge-free phosphorus in their structure are simpler to synthesize and, in most cases, do not require special conditions.…”

Effects of alkyl chain length on the cold crystallization of Schiff-base nickel(ii) complexes

“…Therefore, the structures of alkyl derivatives vary depending on the chain length. Accordingly, the alkylation of rigid molecules can alter their physical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] significantly, including their thermal properties, [12][13][14][15] crystal structure, [16][17][18][19][20][21] and the structure of adsorbed monolayers. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] We have analyzed the thermal properties of salen derivatives bearing alkyl chains of variable length and found that those with alkoxy groups adopt a liquid crystalline state at varying temperatures depending on the alkyl chain length.…”