Triacetone Triperoxide: Its Chemical Destruction

Bellamy, Anthony J.

doi:10.1520/jfs14517j

Cited by 82 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In both solvents, acetone diperoxide (2a) showed lower rate constant values than some cyclic peroxides with bulkier substituents such as n-propyl or tert-butyl. Solvent effect studies of 1a have demonstrated that this compound is highly stable in solution [15], whereas in its solid state it shows a very different behavior that make possible its application as a primary explosive [16]. However, when the methyl group was replaced by ethyl (1b in Scheme 1) or the pentamethylene group (1c in Scheme 1) as substituent on the hexaoxacyclononane ring, the reactivity was substantially increased (Table V).…”

Section: Decomposition Of Pinacolone Cyclic Diperoxide (2c) In Pure Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of cyclic organic peroxides in pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures

Iglesias

Barreto

Eyler

et al. 2010

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The thermal decomposition reaction of acetone cyclic triperoxide, acetone cyclic diperoxide, 4-heptanone cyclic diperoxide, and pinacolone cyclic diperoxide ca. 0.02 M was studied in pure solvents (acetone and 1-propanol) and in binary mixtures of acetone/1-propanol at 150 • C. The kinetics of each system was explored by gas chromatography (GC) at different solvent compositions. The reactions showed a behavior accordingly with a pseudo-first-order kinetic law up to at least 90% peroxide decomposition. The main organic products derived from these thermolysis reactions were detected by GC analysis. Among them, the corresponding ketones, methane, ethane, and propane were the main identified products. The rates of decomposition of pinacolone diperoxide in the pure solvents were practically independent of the solvent characteristics, so it was of no interest to analyze its kinetic behavior in binary solvent mixtures. In acetone/1-propanol mixtures, the solvation effect on the cyclic peroxides derived from 4-heptanone and acetone molecules was slightly dominated by specific interactions between 1-propanol and a diradical-activated complex initially formed. This species was preferentially solvated by 1-propanol instead of acetone. Specific interactions between the O atoms from the peroxidic bond and the H from the OH in 1-propanol can be taken into account. C

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Section: Decomposition Of Pinacolone Cyclic Diperoxide (2c) In Pure Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of cyclic organic peroxides in pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures

Iglesias

Barreto

Eyler

et al. 2010

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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“…[1][2][3] In this study a number of metal salts were used to attempt the destruction of TATP. When it was observed that they did not function alone, metal or acid was added to enhance reactivity.…”

Section: Destruction Of Thf Solutions Of Tatpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 An attempt was made to promote room temperature reactivity with tin salts by adding metal and metal salts. While zinc or copper did not aid the action of the tin salts, zinc sulfate and copper chloride did (Table 3).…”

Section: Destruction Of Thf Solutions Of Tatpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of Peroxide Explosives

Oxley

Smith

Huang

et al. 2009

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Chemicals containing multiple peroxide functionalities, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), or hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), can be explosive. They are impractical and are not used by legitimate military groups because they are shock and heat sensitive compared to military explosives. They are attractive to terrorists because synthesis is straightforward, requiring only a few easily obtained ingredients. This paper discusses methods to degrade peroxide explosives chemically, at room temperature. Of particular interest is finding an allliquid chemical solution that can be sprayed over solid peroxide "finds" or in which peroxide saturated materials could be immersed and the peroxide would be destroyed with no further handling. The desired chemical solution should destroy within hours either TATP or HMTD so that white illicit explosive would not require prior characterization. While a number of mixtures were found effective, strong acids proved the most useful against the solid peroxide materials; however, on a 8 g scale addition of less than 1 mL concentrated sulfuric acid caused TATP to detonate. Thus, this technique should only be used to destroy very small quantities. KEYWORDS: forensic science, peroxides, destruction, TATP, DADP, HMTD, hydrogen peroxide, explosives Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) may use conventional military explosives configured or re-configured for a particular application, or they can be homemade devices powered by explosives which are relatively easy to make. Device construction is based on material availability and the creator's knowledge and imagination. In the U.S., most bombings use small, smokeless or black powder devices because the bombs are being used as murder weapons and because these powders are not heavily regulated. In Iraq, bombs are larger because they are the weapons of guerilla warfare and military explosives in the form of mortars, artillery shells, and landmines are ubiquitous. In the past, one of the major difficulties in bomb design was acquisition of initiating explosives. These are essential to the bomb function but not readily made. Typically, they required theft or illegal purchase. The ready knowledge of how to prepare peroxide explosives has been a major boon to the would-be bomber. While explosive performance of peroxide explosives is poorer than TNT, the Internet provides recipes and bulletin boards of advice on how to prepare initiating explosives such as DADP, TATP, and HMTD, from readily acquired ingredients (Fig. 1). For law enforcement this has magnified the problems of detection and destruction.Currently, the safest way to dispose of illegal explosives is to blow-in-place. This procedure keeps law enforcement from handling and transporting these highly sensitive materials. However, because relatively small quantities of peroxide explosives are usually discovered and they are frequently found in apartments and other high-population density areas, blow-in-place protocols are impractical.One of the g...

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“…It is very sensitive to impact, friction, static electricity, and temperature changes, particularly when stored as a dry product. TATP also rapidly sublimates (27).…”

Section: B Tatp and Hmtdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Analysis of Improvised Explosives

Bottegal¹

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Triacetone Triperoxide: Its Chemical Destruction

Cited by 82 publications

References 4 publications

Thermal decomposition of cyclic organic peroxides in pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures

Thermal decomposition of cyclic organic peroxides in pure solvents and binary solvent mixtures

Destruction of Peroxide Explosives

The Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Systems for the Analysis of Improvised Explosives

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