Triacylglycerol, 1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-&lt;i&gt;rac &lt;/i&gt; -Glycerol Isolated from Bovine Udder and its Synthetic Enantiomer can Potentiate the Mitogenic Activity for Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Suh, Jeong S; Kwon, Jong Won; Eun, Jae Soon; Lee, YunJ; Limb, Jin Kyung; Ko, Sun Young; Han, Shuang; Jhon, Gil‐Ja

doi:10.1159/000075129

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…22 Isolated peritoneal macrophages were cultured in RPMI medium 1640 containing 10% FCS overnight at 37°C and 5% CO 2 , and labeled with 35 S-methionine as described previously. 23 Recombinant hLPLwt and hLPL156 were recovered from the media by immunoprecipitation using a monoclonal anti-LPL antibody.…”

Section: Characterization Of Macrophages From Transgenic Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Mouse

Gustafsson

Levin

Skålén

et al. 2007

Circulation Research

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Abstract-Direct binding of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins to proteoglycans is the initiating event inatherosclerosis, but the processes involved at later stages of development are unclear. Here, we investigated the importance of the apoB-proteoglycan interaction in the development of atherosclerosis over time and investigated the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to facilitate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) retention at later stages of development. Atherosclerosis was analyzed in apoB transgenic mice expressing LDL with normal (control LDL) or reduced proteoglycan-binding (RK3359-3369SA LDL) activity after an atherogenic diet for 0 to 40 weeks. The initiation of atherosclerosis was delayed in mice expressing RK3359-3369SA LDL, but they eventually developed the same level of atherosclerosis as mice expressing control LDL. Retention studies in vivo showed that although higher levels of 131 I-tyramine cellobiose-labeled control LDL ( 131 I-TC-LDL) were retained in nonatherosclerotic aortae compared with RK3359-3369SA 131 I-TC-LDL, the retention was significantly higher and there was no difference between the groups in atherosclerotic aortae. Lower levels of control 125 I-TC-LDL and RK3359-3369SA 125 I-TC-LDL were retained in atherosclerotic aortae from ldlr Ϫ/Ϫ mice transplanted with lpl Ϫ/Ϫ compared with lpl ϩ/ϩ bone marrow. Uptake of control LDL or RK3359-3369SA LDL into macrophages with specific expression of human catalytically active or inactive LPL was increased compared with control macrophages. 1 We tested the response-toretention hypothesis 2 in an earlier study using genetically modified mice that expressed human recombinant lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLs) with reduced proteoglycanbinding activity and provided direct evidence showing that subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein (apo)B100-containing lipoproteins is the initiating event in atherogenesis. 3 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the atherogenicity of LDL is linked to their proteoglycan-binding activity. 3 Lipoproteins associate with artery wall proteoglycans via both direct and indirect interactions. Direct binding between LDL and proteoglycans involves an ionic interaction between basic amino acids in apoB100 (Site B; residues 3359 to 3369) and negatively charged sulfate groups on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans. 4,5 Indirect binding between LDL and proteoglycans is facilitated by apoE, 3 which is found in human atherosclerotic plaques together with apoB. 6 ApoE binds vascular proteoglycans, and apoEenrichment of proteoglycan-binding-defective LDL (in which Site B has been inactivated by mutagenesis) partly restores proteoglycan binding. 3 Mouse LDL contains significant amounts of apoE, and consequently proteoglycan-bindingdefective LDL isolated from mouse plasma displays Ϸ30% of normal proteoglycan binding. 3 Subendothelial retention of LDL via indirect binding to GAGs can also be facilitated by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). 7 We have shown previously that the binding between LPL and LDL is mediated throug...

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Section: Characterization Of Macrophages From Transgenic Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Mouse

Gustafsson

Levin

Skålén

et al. 2007

Circulation Research

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“…In traditional oriental medicine, Sika deer antler is considered to have beneficial therapeutic properties for the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including mastitis, uterine fibroids, and mammary hyperplasia [ 19 ]. Sika deer antler contains a number of ingredients, among which it has recently been shown that monoacetyldiaglyceride has pharmacological properties, including hematopoietic and antitumor effects [ 21 , 34 , 35 ]. Although EC-18 was initially approved as a functional food in Korea, the United States FDA approved EC-18 for the treatment of severe chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with advanced breast cancer being treated with intermediate febrile neutropenia risk chemotherapy [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EC-18 prevents autoimmune arthritis by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis

et al. 2022

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Background EC-18, a synthetic monoacetyldiaglyceride, exhibits protective effects against lung inflammation, allergic asthma, and abdominal sepsis. However, there have been no investigations to determine whether EC-18 has preventive potential in autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods To investigate the efficacy of EC-18 on the development of RA, EC-18 was administered in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model and disease severity and the level of inflammatory cytokines in the joint were investigated. The effect of EC-18 on the inflammation-related factors was investigated by flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, and real-time PCR in splenocytes from mice and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and patients with RA. The effect of EC-18 on osteoclastogenesis was investigated. Results EC-18 effectively reduced the clinical and histological severity of arthritis, similar to Janus kinase inhibitors include tofacitinib and baricitinib, in CIA. Furthermore, EC-18 exhibited a synergistic effect with methotrexate in preventing CIA. Treatment with EC-18 effectively reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells and osteoclast differentiation in mice and patients with RA. Conclusion These results suggest that EC-18 may be an effective strategy for RA.

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Current treatment of nystagmus

Rucker

2005

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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Acquired and congenital nystagmus often causes decreased visual acuity as a direct result of the inability to maintain stable foveal vision. In addition, acquired nystagmus causes a disabling subjective sensation of movement of the visual world called oscillopsia. The eye movements themselves do not require treatment if the patient is asymptomatic. However, therapy is necessary if visual disability is present. Treatments based in pharmacologic mechanisms are preferred. There are few controlled treatment trials and therapeutic efficacy generally is sought in a trial and error approach, depending on the type of nystagmus present. Treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine recently have been shown to be effective for downbeat nystagmus. Gabapentin, baclofen, and clonazepam also are useful in some patients with downbeat nystagmus. Baclofen is the therapy of choice for periodic alternating nystagmus. Gabapentin often is effective for acquired pendular nystagmus. Clonazepam and valproate also may be effective for acquired pendular nystagmus. Memantine now is available in the United States and is promising in the treatment of pendular nystagmus. Optical devices that negate the negative effects of nystagmus continue to undergo development research. These and other medical, surgical, and optical devices are potentially useful alone or in combination with other therapies.

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Triacylglycerol, 1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-<i>rac </i> -Glycerol Isolated from Bovine Udder and its Synthetic Enantiomer can Potentiate the Mitogenic Activity for Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Retention of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Mouse

Retention of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Mouse

EC-18 prevents autoimmune arthritis by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis

Current treatment of nystagmus

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