Triacylglycerol Production in the Snow Algae <i>Chlamydomonas nivalis</i> under Different Nutrient Conditions

Liu, Yu-chi; Nakamura, Yuki

doi:10.1002/lipd.12143

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Like many cold adapted algae, C. typhlos is a potential source of lipids and carotenoids produced at lower temperatures and high light intensities as a mechanism to protect the cells ( Gorton et al, 2007 ; Remias et al, 2010 ; Liu and Nakamura, 2019 ; Hoham and Remias, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2020 ; Peng et al, 2021 ). If C. typhlos can produce sufficient biomass and valuable products such as astaxanthin at a low temperature with high light intensities, it can be a sustainable approach to cultivate microalgae during colder periods without excessive heating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Cultivation of the Snow Alga Chloromonas typhlos in a Photobioreactor

Schoeters

Spit

Azizah

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The most studied and cultivated microalgae have a temperature optimum between 20 and 35°C. This temperature range hampers sustainable microalgae growth in countries with colder periods. To overcome this problem, psychrotolerant microalgae, such as the snow alga Chloromonas typhlos, can be cultivated during these colder periods. However, most of the research work has been carried out in the laboratory. The step between laboratory-scale and large-scale cultivation is difficult, making pilot-scale tests crucial to gather more information. Here, we presented a successful pilot-scale growth test of C. typhlos. Seven batch mode growth periods were compared during two longer growth tests in a photobioreactor of 350 L. We demonstrated the potential of this alga to be cultivated at colder ambient temperatures. The tests were performed during winter and springtime to compare ambient temperature and sunlight influences. The growth and CO2 usage were continuously monitored to calculate the productivity and CO2 fixation efficiency. A maximum dry weight of 1.082 g L−1 was achieved while a maximum growth rate and maximum daily volumetric and areal productivities of 0.105 d−1, 0.110 g L−1 d−1, and 2.746 g m−2 d−1, respectively, were measured. Future tests to optimize the cultivation of C. typhlos and production of astaxanthin, for example, will be crucial to explore the potential of biomass production of C. typhlos on a commercial scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Cultivation of the Snow Alga Chloromonas typhlos in a Photobioreactor

Schoeters

Spit

Azizah

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…It has been shown that heat initiated the accumulation of polyunsaturated TAG in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and unicellular green algae ( Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ) [ 24 , 69 ]. However, viral infection and nitrogen starvation mainly induce the production of more saturated TAG in some algae [ 75 , 76 ] . It has been suggested that the newly accumulated polyunsaturated TAG under heat stress was formed via direct conversion of MGDG [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat shock on photosynthesis-related characteristics and lipid profile of Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis

Zhu

2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis are two attractive ornamental tree species. With the global climate change, the temperature in the natural habitats of both the species shows a marked rising trend. However, how the two species respond to extreme high temperatures are not clear. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and lipid metabolism in the two species were determined following plant exposure to heat stress. Results The results demonstrated that the photosynthetic efficiency decreased significantly in both the species following heat shock and recovery, but to a greater extent in C. panzhihuaensis. Compared to the control, chlorophyll content of C. multipinnata did not change significantly following heat stress and recovery. However, chlorophyll content of C. panzhihuaensis increased significantly after 1 d of recovery in comparison with the control. Chloroplast ultrastructures of C. panzhihuaensis were more severely affected by heat shock than C. multipinnata. C. multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis followed a similar change trend in the amounts of most of the lipid categories after heat stress. However, only the amounts of lysophospholipids and fatty acyls differed significantly between the two species following heat treatment. Additionally, the unsaturation levels of the major lipid classes in C. multipinnata were significantly lower than or equal to those in C. panzhihuaensis. Conclusions C. multipinnata was less affected by extremely high temperatures than C. panzhihuaensis. The differential stability of chlorophyll and chloroplast ultrastructure and the differential adjustment of lipid metabolism might contribute to the different responses to heat shock between the two species.

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“…The media and culture conditions were selected according to the optimal growth requirements of the two species: as neither species is able to grow in the other’s required growth medium [ 20 ], two different media and growth setups were used, with C. nivalis grown photoautotrophically and C. reinhardtii grown mixotrophically. In each case the aim was to maximise the potential fatty acid yield from each species, to test the hypothesis of whether salt acts as a lipid trigger in the two strains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid productivity has not been fully characterised in C. nivalis , despite the bioprocessing potential associated with the robustness to environmental changes and low temperature requirement of this microalgae. The effects of nutrient deprivation on lipid profile [ 19 ] and TAG accumulation [ 20 ] have been investigated to reveal significant shifts in lipid composition, and enhanced TAG production, respectively. There are limited studies on lipid production in C. nivalis under saline conditions [ 21 – 23 ], with none focussing solely on the neutral lipids or TAGs, which accumulate in lipid bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative proteomic comparison of salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis reveals mechanisms for salt-triggered fatty acid accumulation via reallocation of carbon resources

Hounslow

Evans

Pandhal

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model green alga strain for molecular studies; its fully sequenced genome has enabled omic-based analyses that have been applied to better understand its metabolic responses to stress. Here, we characterised physiological and proteomic changes between a low-starch C. reinhardtii strain and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, to reveal insights into their contrasting responses to salinity stress. Results Each strain was grown in conditions tailored to their growth requirements to encourage maximal fatty acid (as a proxy measure of lipid) production, with internal controls to allow comparison points. In 0.2 M NaCl, C. nivalis accumulates carbohydrates up to 10.4% DCW at 80 h, and fatty acids up to 52.0% dry cell weight (DCW) over 12 days, however, C. reinhardtii does not show fatty acid accumulation over time, and shows limited carbohydrate accumulation up to 5.5% DCW. Analysis of the C. nivalis fatty acid profiles showed that salt stress improved the biofuel qualities over time. Photosynthesis and respiration rates are reduced in C. reinhardtii relative to C. nivalis in response to 0.2 M NaCl. De novo sequencing and homology matching was used in conjunction with iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to identify and relatively quantify proteomic alterations in cells exposed to salt stress. There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. In terms of lipid synthesis, salt stress induced an increase in dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in C. nivalis (1.1-fold change), whilst levels in C. reinhardtii remained unaffected; this enzyme is involved in acetyl CoA production and has been linked to TAG accumulation in microalgae. In salt-stressed C. nivalis there were decreases in the abundance of UDP-sulfoquinovose (− 1.77-fold change), which is involved in sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol metabolism, and in citrate synthase (− 2.7-fold change), also involved in the TCA cycle. Decreases in these enzymes have been shown to lead to increased TAG production as fatty acid biosynthesis is favoured. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018148. Conclusions These differences in protein abundance have given greater understanding of the mechanism by which salt stress promotes fatty acid accumulation in the un-sequenced microalga C. nivalis as it switches to a non-growth state, whereas C. reinhardtii does not have this response.

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Triacylglycerol Production in the Snow Algae Chlamydomonas nivalis under Different Nutrient Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Pilot-Scale Cultivation of the Snow Alga Chloromonas typhlos in a Photobioreactor

Pilot-Scale Cultivation of the Snow Alga Chloromonas typhlos in a Photobioreactor

Effects of heat shock on photosynthesis-related characteristics and lipid profile of Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis

Quantitative proteomic comparison of salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis reveals mechanisms for salt-triggered fatty acid accumulation via reallocation of carbon resources

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