During the present study, chemical compositions of the protein and mucilage of seeds and fruits of Casimiroa edulis (Llave & Lex) as well as their hypoglycemic effects and other related biochemical parameters were studied for the first time. The protein content of C. edulis seeds was prepared with 4% (w/w) yield. The amino acid analyzer of protein hydrolysates led to the identification of 17 amino acids. Glutamic acid (10.25%) was considered the major amino acid. Moreover, the mucilage content of C. edulis fruits was prepared with 11% (w/w) yield. GLC analysis of mucilage hydrolysates revealed the identification of ten sugars represented (87.19%), with galacturonic acid (31.23%) as the main component. Significant hypoglycemic effects of protein and mucilage were recorded with respect to control and glibenclamide (standard drug). In addition, histopathological examination was performed, and the results showed that treatment with protein and mucilage remarkably improved Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, and Alkaline Phosphatase activities after streptozotocin induction with respect to control, also ameliorated the disturbances in Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, total protein & albumin, Glutathione levels, Catalase and lipid peroxidation activities. The prepared protein and mucilage exhibited properties that recommend them as natural supplements or in food industries for improving human being health.