Triads in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

Tripathy, Koushik; Sharma, Yog Raj; Chawla, Rohan; Basu, Koushik; Vohra, Rajpal; Venkatesh, Pradeep

doi:10.3109/08820538.2015.1045150

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Confluent necrotizing retinitis preferentially affects the peripheral retina; 3. Moderate to severe vitritis.” 5 Patients report signs and symptoms of ocular pain or periocular pain, redness, light sensitivity, floaters, constricted visual field, and blurred vision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Acute Retinal Necrosis after a Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection

2022

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SIGNIFICANCE: Acute retinal necrosis is a rare, sight-threatening condition typically found in immunocompromised patients and is most commonly caused by varicella zoster virus. Because of the poor prognosis and rapid progression of the disease course, prompt antiviral management is paramount. PURPOSE: A case report of acute retinal necrosis in a patient with herpes virus infection after a cervical epidural corticosteroid injection was performed. Extensive laboratory work and frequent follow-ups are necessary for management. This case report outlines the clinical signs of acute retinal necrosis and discusses the appropriate referrals and treatment needed to improve prognosis.CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old man presented to our eye clinic with symptoms of pain and light sensitivity. Examination revealed anterior uveitis, vitritis, optic disc edema, macular edema, vasculitis, and retinitis of the left eye. The serum antibody test results showed abnormal ranges for varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1, and the patient was diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis. Treatment prescribed by a retina specialist included oral valacyclovir and later oral prednisolone, for which the patient responded well before developing the common complication of retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS:The progressive nature of acute retinal necrosis is usually debilitating to vision, even when managed properly. Because prognosis is often poor, it is important to make proper diagnoses combined with a complete review of the patient's medical history and immune status to prevent further vision loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Acute Retinal Necrosis after a Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection

2022

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“…In the late stages, fibrous membranes are formed in the vitreous and on the surface of the thinned necrotic retina, during the contraction of which ruptures occur, most often on the border of the normal and damaged tissue. [8,27]…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute retinal necrosis: pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, and treatment

Mitkova-Hristova¹,

Stoyanova²

2022

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Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a devastating viral infection commonly associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2). Typically, ARN affects individuals without immune status disorders between the ages of 50-70. In two-thirds of the cases, one-eye involvement is observed and the inflammation can be presented as panuveitis. The most characteristic clinical manifestations are vitreitis, occlusion of the retinal arterioles, and peripheral necrotizing retinitis. Retinitis presents with the appearance of deep, multifocal, yellowish-white foci, typically localized in the peripheral retina. Systemic antivirals are the first treatment of choice for ARN. The goal of the therapy is to stop the viral replication and disease progression in the affected eye, as well as to prevent involvement of the healthy eye. The other eye can be attacked in an interval of 5 days to 30 years. The visual prognosis after illness is poor. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment play an important role in maintaining visual acuity and preventing the other eye from being affected.

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“…Aicardi syndrome, an X‐linked dominant condition presents with the triad of agenesis of corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae (which are pathognomonic even in the absence of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum) and infantile spasms . Polymicrogyria and grey matter heterotopias are the major features .…”

Section: Answermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seizures and chorioretinal lacunae in an infant

2017

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Triads in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 78 publications

Case Report: Acute Retinal Necrosis after a Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection

Case Report: Acute Retinal Necrosis after a Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection

Acute retinal necrosis: pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, and treatment

Seizures and chorioretinal lacunae in an infant

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