Trial-by-trial analysis of intermanual transfer during visuomotor adaptation

Taylor, Jordan A.; Wojaczynski, Greg J.; Ivry, Richard B.

doi:10.1152/jn.01008.2010

Cited by 74 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There are many studies available that looked at the effects of unilateral motor learning on bilateral performance changes using tasks such as visuomotor rotations (Sainburg and Wang, 2002;Taylor et al, 2011;Carroll et al, 2014;Wang and Sainburg, 2003) or ballistic type of movements (Carroll et al, 2013). Up until recently, no study ever looked at potential interference effects of unilateral motor learning.…”

Section: Cross-limb Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a single bout of exercise on motor memory interference in the trained and untrained hemisphere

et al. 2017

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Abstract-Increasing evidence suggests that cardiovascular exercise has positive effects on motor memory consolidation. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) mitigates the effects of practicing an interfering motor task. Furthermore, learning and interference effects were assessed in the actively trained and untrained limb as it is known that unilateral motor learning can cause bilateral adaptations. Subjects performed a ballistic training and then the HIIT either before (HIIT_before) or after (HIIT_after) practicing an interfering accuracy task (AT). The control group (No_HIIT) did not participate in the HIIT but rested instead. Performance in the ballistic task (BT) was tested before and after the ballistic training, after the exercise and practice of the AT and 24 h later. After ballistic training, all groups showed comparable increases in performance in the trained and untrained limb. Despite the practice of the AT, HIIT_ before maintained their BT performance after the highintensity interval training whereas HIIT_after (trend) & No_HIIT showed prominent interference effects. After 24 h, HIIT_before still did not show any interference effects but further improved ballistic motor performance. HIIT_after counteracted the interference resulting in a comparable BT performance after 24 h than directly after the ballistic training while No_HIIT had a significantly lower BT performance in the retention test. The results were similar in the trained and untrained limb. The current results imply that a single session of cardiovascular exercise can prevent motor interference in the trained and untrained hemisphere. Overall learning was best, and interference least, when HIIT was performed before the interfering motor task. Ó

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Section: Cross-limb Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a single bout of exercise on motor memory interference in the trained and untrained hemisphere

et al. 2017

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“…For the purpose of this thesis, the terms "cross education" and "cross limb transfer" are used interchangeably to describe the phenomenon. Cross education has been demonstrated in a number of tasks such as strength training (Adamson, et al, 2008;Farthing et al, 2009;Pearce et al, 2013), fast speed (ballistic) contractions (Carroll, et al, 2008;Hinder et al, 2013b;Lee et al, 2010), pegboard dexterity tasks (Schulze et al, 2002), sequential finger movements (Shea et al, 2011;Wiestler et al, 2014), force field perturbations (Criscimagna-Hemminger et al, 2003;Galea et al, 2007) and visuomotor distortions (Carroll et al, 2014;Sainburg & Wang, 2002;Taylor et al, 2011;Wang & Sainburg, 2009). The exact mechanisms for cross education are still not well understood, but presumably reflect the sharing between both limbs of specific information acquired by the trained limb.…”

Section: Pg 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "bilateral access" and "cross-activation" models are, however, not mutually exclusive and it is conceivable that both could occur concurrently during unilateral training. Although transfer of performance to the untrained limb is rarely complete, and frequently less than 75 % of what the trained limb has achieved after the training (Carroll, et al, 2006;Hinder et al, 2011;Taylor, et al, 2011), cross limb transfer has important implications for treatment of unilateral brain injury or movement disorders.…”

Section: Pg 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although transfer is known to be asymmetrical in visuomotor adaptation studies for right-handed participants, it is reported that transfer is observed when the visual feedback is defined in identical extrinsic coordinates for trained and untrained arms. For example, after right-handers trained their right arms with a leftward shift in the visual feedback, the left arm showed rapid learning for leftward shifts by a reduction of direction error from the second trial (Sainburg & Wang, 2002;Taylor, et al, 2011). The same pattern of results occurred when the left (non-dominant) arm was trained, such that it can be concluded that training of the left (non-dominant) arm facilitates performance of the right (dominant) arm when the altered visual feedback is in the same direction defined in the extrinsic reference frame (Wang & Sainburg, 2004 Interaction between hemispheres appears necessary for cross limb transfer, but at which stages of motor planning or execution do the critical interactions between the hemispheres occur?…”

Section: Pg 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have shown successful transfer of learning, in tasks including strength training (Adamson, et al, 2008;Farthing, et al, 2009;Pearce, et al, 2013), maximal acceleration (Carroll, et al, 2008;Hinder, et al, 2013b;Lee, et al, 2010), dexterity skills (Schulze, et al, 2002), sequential learning (Shea, et al, 2011;Wiestler, et al, 2014), and error-based learning (Carroll, et al, 2014;Criscimagna-Hemminger, et al, 2003;Galea, et al, 2007;Sainburg & Wang, 2002;Taylor, et al, 2011;Wang & Sainburg, 2009). However, the transfer of use-dependent learning has yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interhemispheric interactions associated with unilateral ballistic motor tasks

Chye¹

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The aim of this research was to enhance our understanding of the spatial reference frames in which movement is represented in the primary motor cortices of both hemispheres during unilateral ballistic actions. The broader goal was to reveal how the coordinate systems of movement representation influence the interactions between the two cerebral hemispheres which presumably underlie cross limb transfer of motor skill.The issue of reference frames may be critical for cross-limb interactions because definitions of space and movement often conflict for opposite limbs in intrinsicallyreferenced coordinate systems (e.g. muscle or joint-based coordinates) due to their mirror symmetry. This thesis describes a series of experiments to investigate the reference frames in which movement representations are shared bilaterally, and whether alignment of reference frames influences the transfer of performance to the untrained limb after unilateral ballistic training.There is increasing evidence that the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the active limb is active during unilateral movement. Yet, the extent to which such activity represents functional details of movement with the ipsilateral limb, and the coordinates of any such representation, is unclear. Hence, Chapter 2 reports work aimed at understanding the timing and coordinates of interactions between the two motor cortices when movement with one hand is being prepared. Studying the time course of changes in twitch directions evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enabled us to examine whether activity in the "resting" motor cortex functionally represents the impending movement, and the reference frame of any such representation. Our results showed that twitch directions in the resting limb shifted toward the impending direction of the active hand in a musclebased reference frame. Evident changes in TMS-evoked twitch parameters right before movement onset might be associated with decreases in interhemispheric inhibition and intracortical inhibition, brought about by the release of motor commands to the active limb.Use-dependent learning was previously reported to generalise according to extrinsic coordinates when posture changes were used to dissociate reference frames within the active limb, however it is unclear whether this form of learning generalises to the untrained limb. Chapter 3 assessed whether use-dependent bias in aiming performance occurred in the opposite untrained limb under postural manipulations that varied the extent to which spatial coordinates were aligned for the two limbs according to extrinsic, musclebased and midline reference frames. The results revealed that systematic bias occurred ii only when both limbs were oriented such that training and aiming targets were aligned according to all reference frames. The data suggest that aiming biases in the untrained limb after contralateral ballistic training are represented according to a combination of coordinate systems.In order to understand the role of reference frame conflicts in...

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Motor Learning

Krakauer¹,

Hadjiosif²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

Comprehensive Physiology

581

573

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Motor learning encompasses a wide range of phenomena, ranging from relatively low-level mechanisms for maintaining calibration of our movements, to making high-level cognitive decisions about how to act in a novel situation. We survey the major existing approaches to characterizing motor learning at both the behavioral and neural level. In particular, we critically review two long-standing paradigms used in motor learning research-adaptation and sequence learning. We discuss the extent to which these paradigms can be considered models of motor skill acquisition, defined as the incremental improvement in our ability to rapidly select and then precisely execute appropriate actions, and conclude that they fall short of doing so. We then discuss two classes of emerging research paradigms-learning of arbitrary visuomotor mappings de novo and learning to execute movements with improved acuity-that more effectively address the acquisition of motor skill. Future work will be needed to determine the degree to which laboratory-based studies of skill, as described in this review, will relate to true expertise, which is likely dependent on the effects of practice on multiple cognitive processes that go beyond traditional sensorimotor neural architecture.

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Trial-by-trial analysis of intermanual transfer during visuomotor adaptation

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

The effects of a single bout of exercise on motor memory interference in the trained and untrained hemisphere

The effects of a single bout of exercise on motor memory interference in the trained and untrained hemisphere

Interhemispheric interactions associated with unilateral ballistic motor tasks

Motor Learning

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