Trial history biases the spatial programming of antisaccades

Rastgardani, Tara; Lau, Victor; Barton, Jason J.S.; Abegg, Mathias

doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3201-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Thus, our group proposed that the observed SSR for antisaccades evinces that top-down control renders sensorimotor transformations via the same relative visual information as perceptions. 2 Moreover, we note that our conclusion is consistent with work demonstrating that the spatial location of a target on trial N-1 or N-2 influences the endpoint location for a to-be-performed trial (Rastgardani, Lau, Barton, & Abegg, 2012; see also Abegg, Rodriguez, Lee, & Barton, 2010;Cheng, De Grosbois, Smirl, Heath, & Binsted, 2011;DeSimone, Everling, & Heath, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The antisaccade task: Vector inversion contributes to a statistical summary representation of target eccentricities

2015

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Antisaccades require the top-down suppression of a stimulus-driven prosaccade (i.e., response suppression) and the inversion of a target's spatial location to mirror-symmetrical space (i.e., vector inversion). Moreover, recent work has shown that antisaccade amplitudes are characterized by a statistical summary representation (SSR) of the target eccentricities included in a stimulus-set--a result suggesting that antisaccades are supported via the same relative visual information as perceptions. The present investigation sought to determine whether response suppression and the disruption of real-time control or vector inversion contribute to a SSR in oculomotor control. Participants completed pro- and antisaccades (target eccentricities of 10.5°, 15.5°, and 20.5°) in blocks of trials that differed with regard to the frequency that individual target eccentricities were presented. The manipulation of target eccentricity frequency was used to determine whether the most frequently presented target within a stimulus-set (i.e., the SSR) influences saccade amplitudes. Moreover, we disrupted the real-time control of prosaccades by requiring participants to suppress their response for a brief visual delay (i.e., 2000 ms: so-called delay prosaccade). As expected, antisaccades and delay prosaccades produced equivalent reaction times. In turn, amplitudes for delay prosaccades were refractory to the manipulation of target eccentricity frequency, whereas antisaccades were biased in the direction of the most frequently presented target within a stimulus-set. Accordingly, we propose that vector inversion contributes to the mediation of target eccentricities via a SSR and that such a phenomenon provides convergent evidence that a relative visual percept mediates antisaccades.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The antisaccade task: Vector inversion contributes to a statistical summary representation of target eccentricities

2015

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The inter-trial effect of prepared but not executed antisaccades

et al. 2014

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A preceding antisaccade increases the latency of the saccade in the next trial. Whether this inter-trial effect is generated by the preparation or the execution of the antisaccade is not certain. Our goal was to examine the inter-trial effects from trials on which subjects prepared an antisaccade but did not make one. We tested 15 subjects on blocks of randomly ordered prosaccades and antisaccades. An instructional cue at fixation indicated whether a prosaccade or antisaccade was required, with the target appearing 2 s later. On 20 % of antisaccade trials, the target did not appear (prepared-only antisaccade trials). We analyzed the latencies of all correct prosaccades or antisaccades preceded by correctly executed trials. The latencies of prosaccade trials were 15 ms shorter if they were preceded by prosaccades than if the prior trial was an antisaccade. Prosaccades preceded by trials on which antisaccades were cued but not executed also showed prolonged latencies that were equivalent to those preceded by executed antisaccades. We conclude that the inter-trial effects from a prior antisaccade are generated by its preparation rather than its execution. This may reflect persistence of pre-target preparatory activity from the prior trial to affect that of the next trial in structures like the superior colliculus and frontal eye field.

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The inter-trial spatial biases of stimuli and goals in saccadic programming

Rastgardani

Abegg

Barton

2014

JEMR

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Prior studies have shown an ‘alternate antisaccade-goal bias’, in that the saccadic landing points of antisaccades were displaced towards the location of antisaccade goals used in other trials in the same experimental block. Thus the motor response in one trial induced a spatial bias of a motor response in another trial. In this study we investigated whether sensory information, i.e. the location of a visual stimulus, might have a spatial effect on a motor response too. Such an effect might be attractive as for the alternate antisaccade-goal bias or repulsive. For this purpose we used block of trials with either antisaccades, prosaccades or mixed trials in order to study the alternate-trial biases generated by antisaccade goals, antisaccade stimuli, and prosaccade goals. in contrast to the effects of alternate antisaccade goals described in prior studies, alternate antisaccade stimuli generated a significant repulsive bias of about 1.8°: furthermore, if stimulus and motor goal coincide, as with an alternate prosaccade, the repulsive effect of a stimulus prevails, causing a bias of about 0.9°. Taken together with prior results, these findings may reflect averaging of current and alternate trial activity in a salience map, with excitatory activity from the motor response and inhibitory activity from the sensory input..

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Trial history biases the spatial programming of antisaccades

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

The antisaccade task: Vector inversion contributes to a statistical summary representation of target eccentricities

The antisaccade task: Vector inversion contributes to a statistical summary representation of target eccentricities

The inter-trial effect of prepared but not executed antisaccades

The inter-trial spatial biases of stimuli and goals in saccadic programming

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