Trial of an Attenuated Bovine Rotavirus Vaccine (Rit 4237) in Gambian Infants

Hanlon, P.; Marsh, Vicki; Shenton, Fiona C.; Jobe, Ousman; Hayes, Richard; Whittle, Hilton; Hanlon, L.; Byass, Peter; Hassan-King, Musa; Sillah, H.; M'Boge, B.; Greenwood, Brian

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90649-0

Cited by 202 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, our recent data demonstrate a critical role for intestinal microflora in promoting immunity to influenza vaccine immunity. This finding may be of particular relevance in developing countries, where the efficacy of oral vaccines against polio, rotavirus, and cholera have showed a lower immunogenicity relative to efficacy in developed countries (75)(76)(77)(78). In a study testing a live cholera oral vaccine, Lagos et al (79) demonstrated that excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine of children in less-developed countries might contribute to the low antibody response to the vaccine.…”

Section: Vaccines For Which There Are No Knownmentioning

confidence: 98%

Systems vaccinology: Probing humanity’s diverse immune systems with vaccines

Pulendran

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

123

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Homo sapiens are genetically diverse, but dramatic demographic and socioeconomic changes during the past century have created further diversification with respect to age, nutritional status, and the incidence of associated chronic inflammatory disorders and chronic infections. These shifting demographics pose new challenges for vaccination, as emerging evidence suggests that age, the metabolic state, and chronic infections can exert major influences on the immune system. Thus, a key public health challenge is learning how to reprogram suboptimal immune systems to induce effective vaccine immunity. Recent advances have applied systems biological analysis to define molecular signatures induced early after vaccination that correlate with and predict the later adaptive immune responses in humans. Such "systems vaccinology" approaches offer an integrated picture of the molecular networks driving vaccine immunity, and are beginning to yield novel insights about the immune system. Here we discuss the promise of systems vaccinology in probing humanity's diverse immune systems, and in delineating the impact of genes, the environment, and the microbiome on protective immunity induced by vaccination. Such insights will be critical in reengineering suboptimal immune systems in immunocompromised populations.

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Section: Vaccines For Which There Are No Knownmentioning

confidence: 98%

Systems vaccinology: Probing humanity’s diverse immune systems with vaccines

Pulendran

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Oral vaccines against polio, rotavirus and cholera have exhibited lower immunogenicity in underprivileged subjects in developing countries compared with subjects in developed countries [104][105][106][107] . The immunogenicity of some of these vaccines was successfully enhanced by increasing the number of vaccine organisms per dose or by administering additional doses of vaccine 104,106 .…”

Section: Intestinal Barrier In Developing Country Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road

et al. 2007

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More than 50 years of research has yielded numerous Shigella vaccine candidates that have exemplified both the promise of vaccine-induced prevention of shigellosis and the impediments to developing a safe and effective vaccine for widespread use, a goal that has yet to be attained. This Review discusses the most advanced strategies for Shigella vaccine development, the immune responses that are elicited following disease or vaccination, the factors that have accelerated or impeded Shigella vaccine development and our ideas for the way forward.At the end of the 19th century, as epidemics of bacillary dysentery accompanied by high mortality spread across Japan, the young microbiologist Kiyoshi Shiga examined dysenteric stools and isolated a bacterium that was agglutinated by serum from convalescent patients but not from patients with acute disease [1][2][3] (FIG. 1). That bacterium -known today as Shigella dysenteriae 1 -was the first identified member of the genus Shigella. Four Correspondence to M.L. mlevine@medicine.umaryland.edu. Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing financial interests. Links NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptShigella species (or groups) are now recognized: S. dysenteriae (group A), which has 15 serotypes; Shigella flexneri (group B), which has 14 classical serotypes and subserotypes; Shigella boydii (group C), which has 20 serotypes; and Shigella sonnei (group D), which has single serotype 4 (TABLE 1).There has been resurgent interest in Shigella as a human pathogen, driven by the availability of more precise data on the disease burden 5-8 , emerging antibiotic resistance 9,10 and the fact that mucosally invasive Shigella, which often cause dysentery (gross blood in diarrhoeal stools), are less amenable to the salutary effects of oral rehydration than non-invasive pathogens that cause watery diarrhoea, such as Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The target populations for the use of Shigella vaccines include infants and young children in developing countries (in which the peak incidence occurs at 12-47 months of age and the S. flexneri serotypes predominate) 5-7 .S. dysenteriae 1, which produces Shiga toxin and typically carries R factors that encode resistance to multiple antibodies, waxes and wanes as a cause of epidemic severe disease in the world's least developed countries [11][12][13][14] Few bacterial pathogens have had their pathogenesis or interactions with mammalian tissues elucidated so precisely at the cellular and subcellular levels as Shigella spp. 20,21 Nevertheless, progress in attaining safe and effective Shigella vaccines has faltered. Herein, we review recent and old clinical trials that have evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of candidate Shigella vaccines. We relate the bassis for the most popular strategies (BOX 2), the relevance of the different immune responses measured, the factors that have favoured or impeded vaccine development and, most importantly, the less...

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“…7, Live oral vaccines, including those for rotavirus, have had poor performance in developing country settings. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Although the reasons for this lower performance are…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on hospital admissions for diarrhoea and rotavirus in children in Rwanda: a time-series analysis

Ngabo

Tate

Gatera

et al. 2016

The Lancet Global Health

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SummaryBackground In May, 2012, Rwanda became the fi rst low-income African country to introduce pentavalent rotavirus vaccine into its routine national immunisation programme. Although the potential health benefi ts of rotavirus vaccination are huge in low-income African countries that account for more than half the global deaths from rotavirus, concerns remain about the performance of oral rotavirus vaccines in these challenging settings.

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Trial of an Attenuated Bovine Rotavirus Vaccine (Rit 4237) in Gambian Infants

Cited by 202 publications

References 10 publications

Systems vaccinology: Probing humanity’s diverse immune systems with vaccines

Systems vaccinology: Probing humanity’s diverse immune systems with vaccines

Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard road

Effect of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on hospital admissions for diarrhoea and rotavirus in children in Rwanda: a time-series analysis

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