Trial of human diploid cell rabies vaccine in human volunteers.

Shah, Usha; Jaswal, G S; Mansharamani, H J; Plotkin, Stanley А.; Wiktor, T J

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6016.997

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the newer rabies vaccines stimulate seroconversion at a high frequency, there still remain a few humans in some trials who do not produce a high titer of serum neutralizing-antibody (SNAb) after vaccination (2,4,19). Because of conflicting results in animals, it is not clear if these individuals are more susceptible to rabies infection than are individuals that seroconvert with a high titer after vaccination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice

Templeton¹,

Holmberg²,

Garber³

et al. 1986

J Virol

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Quantitative differences in serum neutralizing-antibody (SNAb) responses to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection between two inbred mice strains, C3H/J and C57BL/6J, were shown to be under genetic control. A 99% confidence limit calculated from the SNAb response titers of 14 C57BL/6J mice resulted in an upper limit for the SNAb respone titer of C57BL/6J mice at 50.63. A SNAb titer-50.63 in response to rabies vaccination was assigned the phenotype of hyporesponder, and a SNAb titer >50.63 in response to rabies vaccination was assigned the phenotype of hyperresponder in this study. The hyper-SNAb response to rabies vaccination and the higher frequency of survival after rabies challenge infection behave as Mendelian dominant alleles in F1 hybrids (C3H/J x C57BL/6J) and backcross (BC) (F1 [C3H/J x C57BL/6J] x C57BL/6J) progeny. Both a relatively hyper-SNAb response and a higher frequency of vaccine-inducible survival phenotypes occur in C3H/J mice. On the other hand, both the relatively hypo-SNAb response and a lower frequency of vaccine-inducible survival phenotypes behave as Mendelian recessive alleles and occur in C57BL/6J mice. C3H/J mice are H-2 Kk, and C57BL/6J mice are H-2 Kb. All three phenotypic traits (H-2 type, SNAb response, and survival after rabies challenge infection) segregate as independent (unlinked) monogenic traits in BC progeny (F1 [C3H/J x C57BL/6J] x C57BL/6J). The genetically controlled survival trait is inducible by rabies vaccination, but SNAb response is not a parameter that measures successful vaccine induction of preexposure protection from a rabies challenge infection in the BC progeny. The essential role of vaccination in developing preexposure protection in genetically responsive mice is confirmed, but indicates that in vitro measurements other than SNAb titers need to be developed to identify mice that have failed to achieve preexposure protection by rabies vaccination. This study confirms Lodmell's findings (D. L. Lodmell and B.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice

Templeton¹,

Holmberg²,

Garber³

et al. 1986

J Virol

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Clinical Experience With a Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine

Anderson¹

1980

JAMA

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Between January 1975 and December 1977 the Center for Disease Control treated 255 persons with the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine who did not have development of an antibody titer to duck embryo vaccine (DEV) or who were at risk for having a serious reaction to DEV. Two hundred eighteen persons were treated postexposure, and 37 persons were treated preexposure. The antibody response to the vaccine was excellent, and the reaction rates were low. No person treated has had development of rabies. This study corroborates other studies that suggest that the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccines are safe and induce excellent antibody titers to rabies.

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Rabies: Recent advances in pathogenesis and control

Miller

Nathanson

1977

Annals of Neurology

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Current knowledge of rabies is reviewed, with emphasis on recent developments in virology, immunology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Although only a few cases of human rabies occur annually in the United States, the infection is enzootic in wildlife, and an estimated 30,000 possible exposures requiring treatment occur each year. Rabies belongs to the family rhabdovirus, and its molecular anatomy and biochemistry of replication have been described in some detail. There have been advances in measurement of antirabies antibodies, and techniques for measuring cellular immune response have recently been developed. Early stages of infection are more fully understood, with a hypothesis to explain peripheral sequestration of virus during prolonged incubation periods. Rabies was once thought to be uniformly f fatal, but a few patients have survived with aggressive supportive measures. A newly developed vaccine (soon to be licensed in the United States) has been shown highly potent for preexposure immunization and promises to be very effective for postexposure prophylaxis. Current Public Health Service recommendations for postexposure treatment are summarized. Recent research has suggested a novel approach to control of wildlife rabies through oral immunization.

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Trial of human diploid cell rabies vaccine in human volunteers.

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice

Genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice

Clinical Experience With a Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine

Rabies: Recent advances in pathogenesis and control

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