“…Ruboxistaurin blocks protein kinase-ß which is an intracellular mediator involved in VEGFinduced increase in vascular permeability [88]. The antiinflammatory corticosteroid, triamcinolone acetonide, inhibits vascular leakage [89,90], reduces the vitreal level of VEGF [91], the secretion of VEGF by retinal cells [92][93][94], and the cellular effects of VEGF, e.g., the VEGFevoked secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (own unpublished results). However, it is not known whether the edema-resolving therapies used clinically stimulate the fluid absorption from the retinal tissue concomitantly.…”