“…One of the key properties of the plasmonic nanostructures is that their resonance frequency is highly dependent on the chemical composition, geometry, and surrounding dielectric environment, which enables broad tunability of plasmon resonance for various applications at different spectral range [5][6][7][8]. Complex plasmonic nanostructures such as oligomers, three dimensional elements, which can introduce additional tunability capability of the optical properties via strong coupling, have attracted much interest in plasmonics these years [9][10][11][12][13]. For example, depending on the coupling efficiency between free-space light and electron oscillations in some complex nanostructures, the collective resonance modes of free charges in nanostructures can be classified as Bbright^mode and Bdark^mode [11,14,15].…”