Triatomines: Trypanosomatids, Bacteria, and Viruses Potential Vectors?

Abstract

Triatominae bugs are the vectors of Chagas disease, a major concern to public health especially in Latin America, where vector-borne Chagas disease has undergone resurgence due mainly to diminished triatomine control in many endemic municipalities. Although the majority of Triatominae species occurs in the Americas, species belonging to the genus Linshcosteus occur in India, and species belonging to the Triatoma rubrofasciata complex have been also identified in Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, and in the Western Pacific. Not all of Triatominae species have been found to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, but the possibility of establishing vector transmission to areas where Chagas disease was previously non-endemic has increased with global population mobility. Additionally, the worldwide distribution of triatomines is concerning, as they are able to enter in contact and harbor other pathogens, leading us to wonder if they would have competence and capacity to transmit them to humans during the bite or after successful blood feeding, spreading other infectious diseases. In this review, we searched the literature for infectious agents transmitted to humans by Triatominae. There are reports suggesting that triatomines may be competent vectors for pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, Bartonella, and Mycobacterium leprae, and that triatomine infection with other microrganisms may interfere with triatomine-T. cruzi interactions, altering their competence and possibly their capacity to transmit Chagas disease.

Potensi Triatoma Sp Dalam Penyebaran Penyakit Tular Vektor Emerging Di Indonesia

“…Penyakit tular vektor dapat menjadi emerging atau re-emerging karena dapat menyebabkan epidemi outbreak dan memiliki angka kematian dan penularan yang tinggi. ('Vector-borne diseases Key facts ', 2017;Vieira, Praça and Luís, 2018).…”

“…Kasus reaksi alergi paska gigitan Triatoma terdapat di Vietnam. (Vieira et al, 2018). Banyaknya potensi penyakit pada manusia yang ditimbulkan melalui Triatoma disebabkan karenaTriatoma hidup berdekatan di manusia, termasuk pada tempat tidur.…”

“…Tri rubrofasciata bentuk dewasa dapat ditemukan bersembunyi di tempat tidur manusia dan menggigit pada saat manusia tidur. (Dujardin et al, 2015,(Vieira, Praça andLuís, 2018)).…”

“…rubrofasciata di Indonesia yang meyebabkan penularan Lepara di negara-negara tersebut dan menyebabkan angka insiden yang tertinggi di dunia. (Vieira, Praça and Luís, 2018)…”

“…Menjaga kebersihan diri dan lingkungan merupakan tindakan efektif untuk terhindar dari gigitan Triatoma sp. (Vieira, Praça and Luís, 2018). Kutu identik dengan pola perilaku yang jauh dari hygiene, sehingga mengajak masyarakat terutama masyarakat yang memiliki tingkat perekonomian yang kurang mampu untuk menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di kesehariannya sangatlah penting.…”