Triazinyl reactive dyes for the exhaust dyeing of cotton: Influence of the oxido group on the reactivity of chloro and m-carboxypyridinium leaving groups

Study into the cold pad‐batch application of monochloro‐s‐triazinyl and m‐carboxypyridinium‐s‐triazinyl reactive dyes bearing various “second‐leg” N‐substituents

“…For the NTR dyes, it can be seen that the dyeing ability of dye 5B is moderate, which is due to the fact that while the dye contains both an -O − group and a nicotinic quaternary ammonium salt, the salt is much more reactive chemically, therefore results in superior build-up. The dyeing results of some dyes with similar structures to dyes 5A and 5B were also reported by Kampyli et al 12 The build-up performances of dyes 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B were inferior to those of the others, suggesting that the hydrolysis of these dyes by hydroxide (OH − ) in alkali solution was faster than cellulosic O − attacking under CPB dyeing conditions, confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography during the hydrolysis kinetics study. It was surprising that the cyanoamino-substituted dyes 1A and 1B displayed equal or superior build-up to more conventional substituted N-methylphenyls-triazinyl dyes 4A and 4B, respectively.…”

“…Renfrew et al 10 proposed that 4m-carboxypyridiniums-tri azine-2-oxides can be synthesised from dichloros-triazinyl derivatives in a one-step reaction, with a bispyridiniumstriazinyls-triazinyl derivative proposed as an intermediary species. Kampyli et al 11,12 synthesised two reactive dyes with 4m-carboxypyridinium-1, 3, 5-triazine-2-oxide as the reactive group and applied them to dye cotton under both alkaline and neutral exhaust dyeing conditions. They also reported that a dye containing the combination of a chlorine leaving group and an oxido modifying group proved to have a vastly inferior performance in exhaust dyeing compared with the dyes containing nicotinic acid/oxido, chlorine/o-toluidine and nicotinic acid/o-toluidine combinations.…”

Treatment of textile effluent by chemical (Fenton's Reagent) and biological (sequencing batch reactor) oxidation

“…4. On the other hand, the temperature has a positive effect on the mineralization degree, with an optimum value for T = 73.6 • C. This high temperature value is acceptable as operating condition for the oxidation because dyeing baths with reactive Procion dyes use temperatures around 80 • C or even higher [23,24]. The best conditions for the colour removal are T = 57.3 • C and [Fe 2+ ] = 7.22 mM, and the surface is shown in Fig.…”

Advances in the Development of Antimicrobial Agents for Textiles: The Quest for Natural Products. Review

“…Unlike the pad-dry-cure method, the exhaust process involves loading fabric into a bath, originally known as a batch, and allowing it to reach equilibrium with a solution, suspension or dye. Exhaust dyeing enables molecules to move from the solution onto the fibres until it is completely exhausted, after which the fabric is rinsed to remove any excess solution/ dyestuff [166,167] These two methods are fundamental to any other method for imparting permanent finishes to fabrics regardless of the technology involved.…”