TriBeam tomography and microstructure evolution in additively manufactured Alnico magnets

Rottmann, Paul F.; Polonsky, Andrew; Francis, Toby; Emigh, Megan G.; Krispin, M.; Rieger, G.; Echlin, McLean P.; Levi, Carlos G.; Pollock, Tresa M.

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.05.003

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The results show that powder‐based materials with more elements can be developed and used increasing the range of materials used for SLM. In 2021, Rottmann et al [ 96 ] attempted to 3D print magnetic Alnico 8 alloys using SLM for the first time. The powder was produced using atomization, which showed good magnetic properties after undergoing annealing as done in conventional methods.…”

Section: Powder‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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As a 0‐dimensional moulding material, powder particles can realise the construction of most engineering parts and can further improve the precision moulding and high‐performance manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM). Therefore, the powder‐based additive manufacturing methods provide an outstanding practical value and development for modern manufacturing world. However, powder materials that are utilised in additive manufacturing continue to face challenges such as a lack of accessible categories, temperature restrictions, and poor performance of moulded components. Therefore, researching for new additive manufacturing materials and procedures has become one of the important and influential ways to accelerate the progress of additive manufacturing technology and also to expand its application fields. For this purpose, it is invaluable to understand and update on the current state‐of‐the‐art of powder‐based additive manufacturing technologies. Hence, this work first reviews the research background of powder‐based 3D printing in details while systematically expounding on the technologies and equipment, material types, influencing factors, existing problems and development trends of powder‐based 3D printing. In addition, the basic principles of powder‐based 3D printing were also revealed, and the formation and optimization of metal, polymer, and ceramic powders in powder‐based 3D printing equipment were explored. Throughout the last decade, powder‐based AM has gradually emerged in the fields of biomedical and aerospace, such as the construction of tissue scaffolds and the construction of aero‐engine parts, respectively. However, powder materials may have insufficient comprehensive performance due some limitations, as the control of mechanical characteristics and dimensional accuracy of powder moulded parts are still challenging during manufacturing processes. Therefore, exploring the mechanism/s of additive manufacturing of powder‐based materials, improving the mechanical properties of powder‐based AM products, and the possible directions for improving the usability of powder materials are the main focus of this paper.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Powder‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Shanthar,

Chen,

Abeykoon

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Alnico magnets manufactured by AM using selective laser melting were also EBSD mapped directly from laser-ablated surfaces, despite the misorientation gradients, porosity, and range of grain sizes that exist as a result of the AM process. 88…”

Section: Direct Ebsd Imaging From Laser-ablated Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61,62 of the extremely limited damage zone below femtosecond laser-ablated surfaces in the TriBeam, since highquality patterns can be collected directly from the ablated regions. (a) EBSD grain maps collected directly from femtosecond laser-ablated surfaces from an Alnico magnet, 88 shock-loaded tantalum, 85 Inconel 718 and Rene 65 nickel-base superalloys. 86,87 (b) EBSD grain maps collected from femtosecond laser-ablated surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V, 90 a Heusler NiTiSn alloy, 91 Ti-Al and a spot weld on a single-crystal NiAlMo alloy that were all polished with a< 10 glancing-angle FIB beam (30 kV, 65 nA).…”

Section: Combined Laser Ablation and Glancing-angle Fib Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems

Echlin

Polonsky

Lamb

et al. 2021

JOM

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“…Here, we can take encouragement from the fact that the creation of a complex, coherent nanostructure has been possible with both Sm 2 Co 17 -type and Alnico magnets. [14,15] In this study we show the magnetic hardening of Nd-Fe-B-based bulk alloys via the formation of a metastable Nd 2 Fe 17 B x phase in rapidly solidified cast alloys, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] which can subsequently be transformed during a heat treatment into magnetically decoupled Nd 2 Fe 14 B grains together with nanometer-sized, inter-and intragranular precipitates. With a degree of compositional modification of the Nd-Fe-B alloys we achieved a coercivity of ≈670 kAm −1 without the need for a multi-step powder-metallurgy process or an expensive hot-pressing and die-upsetting procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we can take encouragement from the fact that the creation of a complex, coherent nanostructure has been possible with both Sm 2 Co 17 ‐type and Alnico magnets. [ 14,15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Magnetic Hardening Mechanism for Nd‐Fe‐B Permanent Magnets Based on Solid‐State Phase Transformation

Schäfer

Skokov

Maccari

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Permanent magnets based on neodymium‐iron‐boron (Nd‐Fe‐B) alloys provide the highest performance and energy density, finding usage in many high‐tech applications. Their magnetic performance relies on the intrinsic properties of the hard‐magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase combined with control over the microstructure during production. In this study, a novel magnetic hardening mechanism is described in such materials based on a solid‐state phase transformation. Using modified Nd‐Fe‐B alloys of the type Nd16Febal‐x‐y‐zCoxMoyCuzB7 for the first time it is revealed how the microstructural transformation from the metastable Nd2Fe17Bx phase to the hard‐magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase can be thermally controlled, leading to an astonishing increase in coercivity from ≈200 kAm−1 to almost 700 kAm−1. Furthermore, after thermally treating a quenched sample of Nd16Fe56Co20Mo2Cu2B7, the presence of Mo leads to the formation of fine FeMo2B2 precipitates, in the range from micrometers down to a few nanometers. These precipitates are responsible for the refinement of the Nd2Fe14B grains and so for the high coercivity. This mechanism can be incorporated into existing manufacturing processes and can prove to be applicable to novel fabrication routes for Nd‐Fe‐B magnets, such as additive manufacturing.

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TriBeam tomography and microstructure evolution in additively manufactured Alnico magnets

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing: A Critical Review of Materials, Methods, Opportunities, and Challenges

Recent Developments in Femtosecond Laser-Enabled TriBeam Systems

A Novel Magnetic Hardening Mechanism for Nd‐Fe‐B Permanent Magnets Based on Solid‐State Phase Transformation

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