Tribes and higher education in India

Xaxa, Virginius

doi:10.4324/9781315107929-21

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Even if the indigenous communities do not wish to entertain bioprospecting projects, there is hardly any unity and any institution in place to ensure that such activity ceases. Tribal societies are heterogeneous, with differences of religion, ideology, values, political orientation, way of life, resulting in conflicts between its members (Xaxa 2008). They are often pitted against each other to grab whatever is promised to them by the bioprospectors (Bjørkan and Qvenild 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Quest for Green Gold: Implications of Bioprospecting and Patenting for Indigenous Bioresources and Knowledge

Das

2020

Society and Culture in South Asia

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The article focuses on the commoditisation and appropriation of indigenous bioresources and knowledge under bioprospecting, as facilitated by the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). TRIPS has not only broadened the scope for patenting, including patenting of life forms, but also threatened to appropriate and not acknowledge contributions of indigenous communities. There is an asymmetrical economic and legal relationship between communities in the global South and corporates in the global North mediated by a host of institutions, including the states, with their own agendas. The promise of the patenting system is spurring the race for collecting bioresources and knowledge through bioprospecting agreements. As databases of plants used by indigenous communities are established, biological parks are created to sequester regions rich in genetic resources and profits are disproportionately distributed, bioprospecting agreements appear to have heralded a new kind of expropriation. The article critically analyses the ramifications of bioprospecting and subsequent patenting on indigenous community ownership rights over bioresources and knowledge. It also examines indigenous resistance; how communities have asserted their rights to culture as a property against corporate interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Quest for Green Gold: Implications of Bioprospecting and Patenting for Indigenous Bioresources and Knowledge

Das

2020

Society and Culture in South Asia

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“…The constitutional allowance of tribes within castes conflates competing criteria for tribal recognition. These include analysing South Asian tribes through the lens of colonial constructivism (Béteille, 1986; Singh, 1993), assimilationist and integrationist models (Xaxa, 2008) and state-centric paradigms that critically analyse the social impact of affirmative action (Galanter, 1984; Middleton, 2016). Without adjudicating these competing approaches, it is in this sense of an ‘anthropological conception of tribal’ that the Indian Constitution recognises the possibility of tribes embedded within castes.…”

Section: ‘Scheduled Tribe Dalit’: An Emergent Intersectional Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Scheduled Tribe Dalit’ and the Recognition of Tribal Casteism

Christopher

2020

Journal of Social Inclusion Studies

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While the term ‘tribalism’ in the West draws from outmoded anthropological theory to describe the hardening of partisan group boundaries, in Himachal Pradesh it describes the contested recognition of caste heterogeneity within Scheduled Tribes (ST). Based on 15 months of fieldwork among Gaddis, this article seeks to understand the intersectionality of low-caste groups embedded within tribal formations, partially assimilated, unevenly accepted and without legal protections afforded to other marginalised communities. I argue that recognising tribal casteism is the first step to theorise tribal multiculturalism and the ever-contested broadening of communal boundaries. By tracking the discourse of ‘Scheduled Tribe Dalit’ (STD) in the Western Himalayas, this article analyses the looping effect between emic belonging and the role of state ethnology in incentivising difference.

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“…Power, thus, distorts truth and presents it as truth to legitimize, secure and persist itself while rendering other forms of knowledge as ignorance. Historically, the process and praxis of state formation, development and nation-building in India has had a similar dynamism and effect for India’s Adivasis (Xaxa, 2008, 2011). Moreover, promoting individual pursuit of Lakshmi has been considered to be the most significant in nation’s progress.…”

Section: Development and State Formation In India Typifies Colonialismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critique of Development in India’s Predominantly Adivasi Regions with Special Reference to the Hos of India’s Jharkhand

Kumar

Puthumattathil²

2018

Contemporary Voice of Dalit

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This article seeks to look at the idea of development interventions (DI) in predominantly Adivasi regions that focus on the extraction of abundant forest and mineral wealth to benefit regions beyond Adivasi territories. While this process deprives Adivasis of their subsistence needs, it invokes resistance and resultant conflicts. Such interventions and consequent conflict need sociological elaboration. Hence, using two case studies, we explicate DI as a self-reproducing system embodying colonialism and racism as process and praxis. This article investigates how development facilitates resource accumulation and socioeconomic differentiation of a few and pauperization of the rest. It further tries to find out how these systemic processes have historically found favour with political Brahmanism (PB), the dominant taken-for-granted socio-religious and political ideology (doxa) in India. In contrast to PB, Adivasis' alternative imaginations based on their sacral polity (SP) are highlighted. Then, we contrast SP with PB and the dominant neoliberal development paradigm. SP has been contrasted with PB and the dominant neoliberal development paradigm. This comparison facilitates the conclusion that the secret of sustainable development rests with Adivasi social formations that adhere to SP-based self-restriction and egalitarian democratic principles. However, historical domination and co-option of Adivasi engender ambivalence of violence which helps to perpetuate 'development' as a colonial and racist system among Adivasi in forms of DI.

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Tribes and higher education in India

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Global Quest for Green Gold: Implications of Bioprospecting and Patenting for Indigenous Bioresources and Knowledge

The Global Quest for Green Gold: Implications of Bioprospecting and Patenting for Indigenous Bioresources and Knowledge

‘Scheduled Tribe Dalit’ and the Recognition of Tribal Casteism

A Critique of Development in India’s Predominantly Adivasi Regions with Special Reference to the Hos of India’s Jharkhand

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