Tribological, Anti-corrosion, and Electrical Conductivity Properties of CrCx Coatings Deposited on Stainless Steel 316L and Used as Metal Bipolar Plates for Fuel Cells

Su, Yean-Liang; Kao, W. H.; Chang, G. Y.

doi:10.1007/s11665-022-07333-y

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The XRD spectrum in figure 1(c) shows that carbon elements mainly exist in the form of ultrafine crystals or amorphous states, which helps to improve the hardness of the coating [21]. Additionally, a small amount of chromium carbide phase dispersed in the coating can also act as a strengthening phase [22]. chromium coating are 3.4 μm and 0.23 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel CrCx/C-Cr multilayer PVD coating for cotton picking spindle: committed to replacing traditional electroplated chromium coating

Wang,

Miao,

2024

Phys. Scr.

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A novel CrCx/C-Cr multilayer coating for cotton picking spindle was prepared on 20CrMnTi substrate by PVD technology. Compared with the traditional electroplated chromium coating, the CrCx/C-Cr coating has dense structure, and no micro-cracks were observed on the surface. The results of nanoindentation show that the nano-hardness of CrCx/C-Cr coating is about 8.46 GPa and 78.5% higher than that of the substrate. Compared with electroplated chromium coating, PVD coating has lower friction coefficient and wear rate, which indicates a better wear resistance property. The multilayer PVD coating provided is expected to replace the high-pollution chromium coating for cotton picking spindle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel CrCx/C-Cr multilayer PVD coating for cotton picking spindle: committed to replacing traditional electroplated chromium coating

Wang,

Miao,

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…All samples are highly conductive and have very low resistance values between 3 and 1.5 mΩ cm 2 , hence reducing the resistance of the substrate by two orders of magnitude. These low ICR values are well below the target set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [5] and, for instance, are at least equal carbon-based coatings in the literature [20,24,31,38]. Between the different samples are minor differences only distinguishable at a low compaction force.…”

Section: Interfacial Contact Resistancementioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Process Pressure on Carbon-Based Thin Films Deposited by Cathodic Arc on Stainless Steel for Bipolar Plates

Steinhorst,

Giorgio,

Roch

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In this study, three carbon-based coating variants were deposited onto stainless steel substrates, and the process pressure during the carbon layer deposition was varied. We conducted Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, interfacial contact resistance measurements, and potentiodynamic polarization tests to examine the effect of the process pressure on the properties of the coatings. The structural characterization revealed that all specimens exhibit a highly sp2-bonded structure. However, some structural differences could also be identified. In the TEM cross-section images of the carbon layer variants, these structural differences could be observed. The carbon layer deposited at 0.98 Pa has some distortions in the mainly perpendicular graphitic structure, which agrees with the Raman results. Almost completely vertically oriented graphitic layers exhibit the 0.1 Pa coating variant with a d-spacing similar to pure graphite. Regarding the contact resistance, the process pressure has only minor influence. All coatings variants have very low resistance values below 3 mΩ cm2, even at a compaction force of 50 N cm−2, which can be attributed to the graphite-like structure. The polarization tests show that the corrosion resistance increases with increasing process pressure. The best coating variant has a corrosion current density of approximately 10−8 A cm−2 and almost 10−6 A cm−2 at room temperature and 80 °C, respectively.

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“…In the case of the 100 V sample, which consists of a carbon−chromium mixture, the ICR values are comparable to those of chromium carbide coatings in the literature. 16,50 Moreover, the 100 V sample exhibits a strong dispersion of the ICR values, which could indicate inhomogeneities of the surface and/or could be attributed to the carbon residue (see Figure 5). For the 1 V sample, the high contact resistance and thus the low electrical conductivity are likely attributed to the thick amorphous structure.…”

Section: Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bipolar plate (BPP) is a crucial component in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) since it is responsible for various functions such as reactant (gas) and water management, cooling, electrical conductivity, and mechanical stability. , Thus, the BPP material must satisfy certain requirements, including manufacturability, electrochemical stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength, to name a few. , From the beginning of this century until now, metals and carbon-based materials have been studied as BPP materials. − The crucial advantages of metallic BPPs, especially considering the necessity of a wider application of fuel cells, are their good mechanical properties, good volume-to-weight ratio, and relative low costs . In this context, austenitic stainless steel (grade 1.4404 or 316L) is a highly attractive option because of its very good properties, especially the excellent mechanical ones. − However, there are also some disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias Voltage Dependency of Structural and Bipolar Plate-Related Properties of Cathodic Arc-Deposited Carbon-Based Coatings

Steinhorst,

Giorgio,

Roch

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Carbon-based coatings composed of a chromium interlayer and a carbon top layer were deposited on stainless steel substrates via cathodic arc evaporation. During the carbon deposition, the bias voltage was varied between 900 and 1 V to investigate the influence on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Raman spectroscopy indicated a dependency of the intensity ratio and G peak position on the bias voltage, which can be attributed to an alteration of the structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross-section investigations revealed a graphite-like structure for most carbon top layers but with an increasing amount of disordered fractions, eventually resulting in an amorphous structure at 1 V. To further examine the structure, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used. In the high-loss region, distinct π* and σ* peaks could be observed, which agree well with the TEM results. Additionally, analysis of the low-loss region showed that the 1 V carbon top layer exhibits a shifted σ plasmon peak at 20 eV corresponding to an amorphous structure. The carbon-based coatings are highly conductive with low interfacial contact resistance values between 4 and 1.5 mΩ cm 2 at 150 N cm −2 . From a bias voltage of 200 V, the resistance increases. To evaluate the corrosion resistance, we conducted potentiodynamic polarization tests. At first, with decreasing bias voltage, the corrosion resistance increases and then decreases for both the 100 and 1 V samples. Considering the low thickness, the coating with a carbon top layer deposited at 600 V had the best corrosion resistance. In combination with the excellent contact resistance, the 600 V sample is a highly suitable coating for metallic bipolar plates.

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Tribological, Anti-corrosion, and Electrical Conductivity Properties of CrCx Coatings Deposited on Stainless Steel 316L and Used as Metal Bipolar Plates for Fuel Cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

A novel CrCx/C-Cr multilayer PVD coating for cotton picking spindle: committed to replacing traditional electroplated chromium coating

A novel CrCx/C-Cr multilayer PVD coating for cotton picking spindle: committed to replacing traditional electroplated chromium coating

Effect of Process Pressure on Carbon-Based Thin Films Deposited by Cathodic Arc on Stainless Steel for Bipolar Plates

Bias Voltage Dependency of Structural and Bipolar Plate-Related Properties of Cathodic Arc-Deposited Carbon-Based Coatings

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