Tribological Aspects of Sheet Titanium Forming

Abstract

Friction, wear, and lubrication are inherent to all metal-forming processes. Unfortunately, they are particularly troublesome when forming titanium materials, which tend to form titanium buildup on the working surfaces of the forming tools. Lubrication is one of the most effective ways to separate contacting surfaces and eliminate galling, thus reducing tool wear. The paper presents the tribological aspects of titanium sheets forming using environmentally friendly lubricants with the addition of boric acid. The lubricant’s effectiveness was assessed on the basis of technological tests, such as the strip drawing test, the Erichsen cupping test, and the formation of spherical drawn parts in industrial conditions. Moreover, the results of the numerical simulation of forming a titanium hat-shaped part are presented. Numerical calculations of forming processes were performed using the PamStamp 2G system based on the finite element method. Both experiments and numerical analyses showed the positive effect of lubricants with boric acid on sheet titanium forming.

Advanced FEM Insights into Pressure-Assisted Warm Single-Point Incremental Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Sheet Metal

“…Titanium and titanium alloy sheets are characterized by low weight (density ρ = 4.43 ÷ 4.85 g/cm 3 ) and high mechanical strength (from Rm ≈ 290 MPa for commercially pure (CP) titanium Grade 1 to approximately 1750 MPa for heat-treated β titanium alloys) [1,2]. The combination of high mechanical strength, low density and corrosion resistance means that titanium sheets are used where the weight and strength of the structure are important (high-performance motor vehicles [3], aircrafts [4], sports equipment [5]).…”

Influence of Input Parameters on the Coefficient of Friction during Incremental Sheet Forming of Grade 5 Titanium Alloy

“…In ISF, friction plays a critical role in the interaction between the tool and the workpiece (Duflou et al, 2017). Friction not only influences the forming limit, but also the surface quality of the resulting parts (Szewczyk and Szwajka, 2023;Więckowski et al, 2023). As Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Volume 40, 2023, Pages 113-123 ISSN 2956-4794 g surface quality has a significant impact on the aesthetics, performance and service life of metal structures, it warrants serious attention.…”

Prediction Of The Coefficient Of Friction In The Single Point Incremental Forming Of Truncated Cones From A Grade 2 Titanium Sheet

“…In SPIF, friction plays a crucial role in tool-workpiece contact [11]. Friction not only affects the formation limit, but also affects the surface quality of the formed parts [12][13][14]. Surface quality is given serious attention in metal construction because it affects not only the aesthetic appearance of the components, but also the performance and life span.…”