Tribological Behavior of Calcium Complex Palm-Biogrease with Green Additives

Razak, Izatul Hamimi Abdul; Ahmad, Mohamad Ali

doi:10.24874/ti.1002.11.20.02

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…All three terms are also used to designate sustainable or renewable materials. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Among such materials, polyol greases are often described. [43] Polyol greases are normally prepared from fatty substrates which are modi ed into polyols and further modi ed into ether or ester materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a sustainable waste to eco-friendly grease pathway: A biorefinery proposal for the silk and food industries

Coroliano,

Couto,

Péres

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The concerning related to climate change, sustainability and residue destination, as evidenced by the United Nation’s Sustainability Development Goals, fosters among others the biorefinery application development. Amidst such circular economy possibilities is the implementation of residual oil biorefineries, imbuing higher value into residues and resulting in eco-friendly products. One of the most abundant residual oils, with very low reusage ratio, is the waste cooking oil, a food industry residue. While other residual oil can be extracted from lipid rich silkworm pupae, a residue from the silk processing industry. Thereby, in this work we propose a biorefinery for the usage and modification of waste cooking oil and silkworm pupae oil into eco-friendly greases based on circular economy concepts. The silkworm pupae oil was modified through epoxidation and hydrolysis, yielding a dense polyol which was used in grease compositions without further modifications (common for this sort of materials). The prepared compositions were elaborated using partial saponification (simplifying the process), under two distinct methodologies, with LiOH and NaOH. The prepared greases were also compared against simple soybean oil and ricin oil greases to identify the polyol addition effect and the frying oil reusage effect. All the greases prepared using methodology B were stiffer with overall higher values for yield point (15.7-56.9 Pa) and flow point (259.2-810.95 Pa), while the thixotropic hysteresis area fluctuated with greater time dependency for polyol containing compositions (1.85-9.16 104 Pa s-1). The ion change from lithium to sodium using methodology A on polyol compositions resulted in diminished flow points (from 457.35 to 70.31 Pa). The same change on waste cooking oil, on methodology A, resulted in increased values of flow point (from 32.06 to 96.90 Pa). The addition of polyol effect resulted in flow point increase (from 259.2 to 810.95 Pa), while the frying oil reusage effect resulted in increased yield (from 1.19 to 2.02 Pa) and flow points (from 38.44 to 96.90 Pa). The obtained results are on par with other eco-friendly grease examples and therefore corroborate the proposed value enhancing of our tested residual oils. The main perspective for this biorefinery proposal is the usage of the two residual oils together into a blend composition, chaining the silk and the food industries and thereby resulting in a single biorefinery applicable to any machinery dependent industry.

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