Tribological performance of hybrid filtered arc-magnetron coatings

Gorokhovsky, V.; Bowman, C.; Gannon, Paul; VanVorous, Dave; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Rutkowski, A.; Muratore, Christopher; Smith, Richard J.; Kayani, A.; Gelles, D.S.; Shutthanandan, V.; Trusov, B. G.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.09.007

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In this sense, the decomposition of tungsten carbide generating carbon and substoichiometric W x C y compounds is described in the phase diagram of the W-C system and was confirmed during thermal annealing of these same coatings [40,41]. In the case of the TiBC/a-C, previous studies have pointed out the formation of a metastable hexagonal TiB x C y phase by addition of carbon into a initial hexagonal TiB 2 structure [31,42] or binary and ternary solid solution of the Ti-B-C system [42,43]. The increase of temperature and friction forces generated in the contact during friction test may contribute to C removal although further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Jc Sanchez-lopez Et Al (Paper B6-2-1)mentioning

confidence: 60%

Metal carbide/amorphous C-based nanocomposite coatings for tribological applications

Sánchez-López

Martínez-Martínez

Abad

et al. 2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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This paper tries to assess the factors governing the tribological behaviour of different nanocomposites films composed by metallic carbides (MeC) mixed with amorphous carbon (a-C). Different series of MeC/a-C coatings (with Me: Ti(B) and W) were prepared by magnetron sputtering technique varying the power applied to the graphite target in order to tailor the carbon content into the films. A deep investigation of the chemical and structural features at the nano-scale is carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Raman spectroscopy techniques in order to establish correlations with the tribological properties measured by a pin-on-disk tribometer in ambient air. The analysis of the counterfaces by Raman confocal microscopy after the friction tests is used to follow the chemical phenomena occurring at the contact area responsible of the observed friction behaviour. The importance of determining the nanocrystalline/amorphous ratio is highlighted as a key-parameter to control the tribological properties. A comparative analysis of the mechanical and tribological performance of the three systems (TiC/a-C, WC/a-C, TiBC/a-C) is done and conclusions are obtained concerning the friction and wear mechanism involved.

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Section: Jc Sanchez-lopez Et Al (Paper B6-2-1)mentioning

confidence: 60%

Metal carbide/amorphous C-based nanocomposite coatings for tribological applications

Sánchez-López

Martínez-Martínez

Abad

et al. 2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Ceramic‐matrix nanocomposites made of transition‐metal‐based oxide, nitride, and boride compounds were demonstrated to improve the mechanical properties, melting point and other functional properties such as wear and corrosion resistance 9–11. Among the different combinations, TiB 2 and TiBX (with X: C, N) have been investigated as ceramic components in protective nanocomposite films using various deposition methods,12–28 although, in most of the cases the emphasis was placed on characterization of tribological and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the determination of the fine structural features of the TiBX compounds and its correlation with their functional properties is much less studied, and especially so regarding the optical and electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Ternary Phases in TiBC/a‐C Nanocomposite Thin Films: Influence on the Electrical and Optical Properties

Abad

Sanjinés

Endrino

et al. 2011

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The local structure of TiBC and amorphous carbon (a‐C) nanocomposite films (TiBC/a‐C) was correlated with their optical and electrical properties. TiBC/a‐C films with increasing C content were deposited by magnetron co‐sputtering from TiC:TiB2 (60:40) and graphite targets. Chemical composition is determined by electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction reveals that the microstructure of the films is amorphous with small nanocrystallites emerging by increasing the C content that could be attributed to the formation of ternary (TiBxCy) or mixed binary (TiB2 and TiC) phases. Further information was then obtained by studying the chemical bonding by measuring the near‐edge fine structure (NES) by electron energy‐loss (B K‐, C K‐, and Ti L‐edges) and X‐ray absorption (B K‐ and Ti L‐edges) spectroscopies. The NES analysis indicates the formation of a nanocrystalline ternary TiBxCy compound concomitant with the segregation of an a‐C phase as the carbon content is increased. The optical properties were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry and the electrical resistivity was measured by the Van der Pauw method between 20 and 300 K. The films continuously lose their metallic character in terms of optical constants and resistivity with increasing carbon content. Theoretical fitting of the electrical properties using the grain‐boundary scattering model supported the formation of a nanocomposite structure based on a ternary TiBxCy phase embedded in a matrix of a‐C. The electron transport properties are mainly limited by the high density of point defects, grain size, and transmission probability.

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“…34,35 This calculation was carried out using the simplest model considering only immiscible phases without solid solutions. 36 It can be seen that in the area of the diagram adjacent to the oxygen corner with high concentrations of Co and Mn vs CrAl components, all phases exist in their stoichiometric oxide states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of SOFC Interconnects Made of Ferritic Steels with Nano-Structured Oxi-Ceramic Protective Coatings Deposited by the LAFAD Process

Gorokhovsky

Gannon

Wallace³

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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When Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are operated in the temperature range from 750 to 800 C, it becomes possible to use inexpensive ferritic steels as interconnects (ICs). Due to the demanding SOFC-IC operating environment, protective coatings are gaining attention as a way to increase long-term stability. In this study, the large area filtered arc deposition (LAFAD) process was used to deposit nano-structured coatings from the (Co,Mn)TiCrAlY(O,N) system. Both nano-laminated as well as nano-composite coating architectures were studied and compared. Coatings were deposited on ferritic steel with the aid of an ultra-thin, adhesionpromoting bond-coat, and were subsequently annealed in air for various time intervals. Surface oxidation was investigated using RBS, SEM, and EDS analyses. Cr-volatilization was evaluated using a modified transpiration apparatus and Area Specific Resistance (ASR) was studied as a function of time using a four-point technique. Significant improvement in oxidation resistance, Cr volatility, and ASR were observed in the coated samples. In addition, a set of sample IC plates were subjected to LAFAD coatings and tested in a SOFC stack. Transport mechanisms for various oxidizing species and coating diffusion barrier properties are discussed, as are the trades-offs between ionic diffusion and electronic conductivity.

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Tribological performance of hybrid filtered arc-magnetron coatings

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Metal carbide/amorphous C-based nanocomposite coatings for tribological applications

Metal carbide/amorphous C-based nanocomposite coatings for tribological applications

Identification of Ternary Phases in TiBC/a‐C Nanocomposite Thin Films: Influence on the Electrical and Optical Properties

Evaluation of SOFC Interconnects Made of Ferritic Steels with Nano-Structured Oxi-Ceramic Protective Coatings Deposited by the LAFAD Process

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