“…Polymers and their composite materials are widely used in seals, piston rings, valves, lubricating bearings, and bearing retainers for sea-related equipment, owing to their superior properties [ 7 , 8 ]. In particular, polymers and their composites have proven to be promising seawater-lubricated materials because of their excellent corrosion resistance, low friction, and high wear resistance under seawater lubrication [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”