Triboluminescence

Walton, Alan J.

doi:10.1080/00018737700101483

Cited by 432 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…We have confirmed these results in two different experimental systems using different materials, different measurement methods, different fill levels, and different rates of stress. We also found in a final experiment that voltage spikes are formed as crack-like defects in powder beds are opened and closed, and we have proposed that the appearance of these signals may be analogous to voltages produced by failures in other materials (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrostatic precursors to granular slip events

Shinbrot

Kim

Thyagu

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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It has been known for over a century that electrical signals are produced by material failure, for example during crack formation of crystals and glasses, or stick-slip motion of liquid mercury on glass. We describe here new experiments revealing that slip events in cohesive powders also produce electrical signals, and remarkably these signals can appear significantly in advance of slip events. We have confirmed this effect in two different experimental systems and using two common powdered materials, and in a third experiment we have demonstrated that similar voltage signals are produced by crack-like defects in several powdered materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrostatic precursors to granular slip events

Shinbrot

Kim

Thyagu

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The better lubricity of the IL2-di in comparison with the IL2 can be associated with these compact aggregate structures and the higher The observed changes in triboemission behavior with the normal load could be interpreted in terms of the formation and wearing off the protective tribofilm. Under the given mild experimental conditions, frictional heating should be discarded as a driving force of tribochemical reactions [72][73][74]. It should be noted that under low sliding velocity, like in this study, the molecules in the liquid phase could not be strained sufficiently high to trigger tribochemical reactions.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Resolved Characterization of Dynamic Tribochemical Processes for Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid

et al. 2017

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Dynamic tribochemical processes for dicationic ionic liquid containing a geminal imidazolium cation head group bridged by a poly(ethylene glycol) and a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were studied using time-resolved mechanically stimulated gas emission mass-spectrometry (MSGE-MS). In comparison with similar monocationic imidazolium ionic liquids with short alkyl or long polyether side chains, the dicationic ionic liquid had a lower coefficient of friction on Ti6Al4V alloy and smoother behavior. The analysis of volatile decomposition products suggested multiple tribochemical reactions in which both anionic and cationic moieties are involved. The tribochemical degradation of cations was mainly through the detachment of the side and bridging chains from the imidazolium head groups. The absence of volatile products containing nitrogen implies that the imidazole group remained unchanged. Hydrogen and water desorption were attributed to the reactions of hydrogen fluoride being a product of anion degradation with titanium and titanium oxide, respectively.

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“…Triboluminescence (TrL) is the luminescence resulting from the distortion or fracture of crystals by mechanical means, such as compressing, scraping, crushing, and so forth [Walton, 1977]. In principle, it should be possible to distinguish between XL and TrL by spectral determinations.…”

Section: F2 Triboluminescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of light in the deep ocean

Reynolds

Lutz²

2001

Reviews of Geophysics

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Abstract. Studies during recent decades have shown that the deep ocean (depths below where solar luminance plays a direct environmental role) is far from a dark, cold, lifeless region. Evidence obtained by utilizing a variety of photo-optical devices, providing spatial, temporal, and spectral information, has demonstrated that this portion of the Earth is a region rich in life and light. Findings to date have provided challenges for geologists, physicists, biologists, chemists, and oceanographers, and the sharing of techniques and expertise among these disciplines has demonstrated the rewards to be gained from interdisciplinary research. Bioluminescence has been found far below the depths at which it has received most attention historically. The study of this phenomenon is complicated by the fact that the measuring apparatus itself causes a stimulation of the luminescence so that a true background will be difficult to determine.Nuclear physics has played a role in that the electron resulting from the decay of an isotope of potassium (K 4ø) provides an ubiquitous background of light through a process known as Cerenkov radiation. The possibility of light generated by cosmic rays must also be taken into account. An intriguing source of light at the very bottom of the sea is found at hydrothermal vents. Here are found not only light but also abundant life. At the vent orifice, temperatures are found to be as high as 250ø-400øC. A large component of the light is due to thermal radiation. However, the light in the wavelengths 450-600 nm is significantly greater than the thermal flux at those wavelengths. Identifying the physical mechanisms that may account for this excess is important in providing insight into the processes occurring in the vents and plumes and in the accompanying ecosystem. INTRODUCTIONThe ocean covers over 70% of the Earth's surface.The average overall depth of the ocean is approximately 3900 m, and over 75% of the ocean is at a depth between 3000 and 6000 m. The volume of the ocean is more than 10 times the volume of land above sea level [Herring, 1971]. Sunlight is absorbed exponentially and is restricted to relatively very shallow depths, depending greatly on local conditions. It is sometimes stated that at depths below the limit of the continental shell (200 m) the ocean is "dark," and some authors take depths beyond 200 m to be "deep ocean." It is more reasonable to put 1000 rn as the beginning of the deep ocean (the limit of the mesopelagic zone), where only a few animals It has also been known for many years that low-level ambient light in the deep ocean is due to the passage of ionizing cosmic ray particles and ions from the decay of naturally occurring radioactive elements, primarily the isotope of potassium, 4øK.The relatively recent discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and that there is light at and near the orifice of many of them, has been an important development of interest to geologists, physicists, biologists, chemists, oceanographers, and Earth resource scientists. Each of the...

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Triboluminescence

Cited by 432 publications

References 88 publications

Electrostatic precursors to granular slip events

Electrostatic precursors to granular slip events

Time-Resolved Characterization of Dynamic Tribochemical Processes for Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid

Sources of light in the deep ocean

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