Tributyltin-mediated hepatic, renal and testicular tissue damage in male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a study on impact of oxidative stress

Abstract

Organotin compounds are a versatile group of organometallic chemicals that are used in a variety of industrial and agricultural applications. Tributyltin (TBT), a common organotin, brings about severe spermatotoxic and organotoxic effects. However, information about the adverse effects of TBT on liver, kidney and testis is scanty. Hence, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the TBT-mediated oxidative stress-induced impairments in these organs. Administration of TBT through oral route at increasing doses of 50, 100 and 150 ppm for 65 days to male Syrian hamsters resulted in drastically decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decreased mean levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) followed by a dramatic increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidney and testis as compared to the control animals. Significantly high levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and bilirubin were observed in TBT-treated hamsters. Also, TBT treatment induced drastic histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and testis combined with remarkable changes in serum levels of tissue injury marker enzymes Aspartate transaminases, Alkaline phosphatase and Alanine transaminase. These data affirm that exposure to TBT can lead to oxidative stress-induced damage to liver, kidney and testis.

Tributyltin and Zebrafish: Swimming in Dangerous Water

“…Thus, TBT is an inducer of oxidative stress and plays an important role in the positive modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 45 ). This is consistent with data showing a decreased activity of SOD, CAT, and GPX in other species ( 46 , 47 ), a higher expression of HSP70 in common carp ( 48 ), an increased IL-1β secretion by human immune cells ( 49 ), an increased IL-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( 50 ), and higher TNF-α levels in mouse serum ( 51 ).…”

Effects of Organotins on Crustaceans: Update and Perspectives

“…The activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR reduced in the testes, while DNA damage increased ( 89 ). These results are in line with studies in mammals such as the hamster Mesocricetus auratus , where TBT also caused alterations in testicular histology and reduction in spermatogenesis and in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants ( 67 ).…”

“…Many drugs, pesticides, and metals induce OS in crustaceans, either by altering the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) or by decreasing non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione ( 37 , 65 , 66 ). In mammals, BTs increase ROS by decreasing the concentration and activity of SOD, GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR), while simultaneously increasing lipid peroxidation in liver, testis, and kidney ( 67 ). Since decapod crustaceans, such as the green crab Carcinus maenas, C. sapidus , and Macrobrachium rosenbergii , are considered good sentinel species, OS biomarkers should be monitored in bioassays with sublethal concentrations of BTs.…”

Organotin Compounds Toxicity: Focus on Kidney

“…Oxidative stress is the main pathway involved in tissue damage induced by OTs in different organs, such as kidneys, testis, liver, lungs, adrenal gland, pituitary, and brain ( 34 , 47 , 53 – 55 ). It was described that TBT induces ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in rodent models ( 56 ).…”

“…It was described that TBT induces ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in rodent models ( 56 ). Moreover, it decreases the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamins C and E) ( 53 ). Indeed, oral administration of TBT for 65 days in Syrian hamsters led to high levels of serum creatinine, urea, bilirubin, and uric acid, with histopathological abnormalities in the testis, liver, and kidneys ( 53 ).…”