Trichoderma- Foliar Pathogen Interactions

Abstract

Among the group of ubiquitous soil inhabiting fungi, Trichoderma species are of considerable commercial importance due to their ability to suppress many plant pathogenic fungi. They have been widely studied and employed for management of root and seedling diseases of many crops since decades. In recent years they are also being utilized for minimising diseases of foliar plant parts, especially to supress grey mold caused due to infections of Botrytis cinerea and powdery mildews on a number of crops. They also express potential to control downy mildews and have improved the shelf life of grapes. Out of the eighty-nine species of Trichoderma, a number of species exhibit the bio-control activity. The destruction of host hyphae and protoplasm by the various lytic enzymes and toxic volatile and non-volatile compounds produced by these species are the major mechanism of bio-control; apart from deactivation of pathogen enzymes and induction of systemic resistance in host plants. However, significant differences in antagonistic potential among isolates even from the same species from the same niche is observed; and hence selection of a strain with wide host range and environment adaptability becomes a key issue for sustainable biological control.

Management of Snap Bean Insect Pests and Diseases by Use of Antagonistic Fungi and Plant Extracts

“…The findings of this study are consistent with those by Soliman et al (2015) and Sawant (2014) who reported that application of formulations based on fungal antagonist can promote plant growth and crop precocity, increase in legume production and reduce chemical treatment. However, Amin et al (2014) reported that application of T. viride and T. harzianum had no effect on yield in common bean.…”

“…was the most efficacious. The findings are in line with studies by Elkot andDerbalah (2011), Sawant (2014) and Chhetry and Mangang (2012) who reported that foliar sprays of antagonistic fungi significantly reduced grey mold on cucumber and while foliar application of T. harzianum and T. viride has been shown to significantly reduce head blight severity on wheat (Sawant, 2014).In this study, the antagonistic Trichoderma spp. had greater efficacy on rust compared to angular leafspot and anthracnose.…”

“…However, Amin et al (2014) reported that application of T. viride and T. harzianum had no effect on yield in common bean. The observed increase in pod yield can be attributed to the reduction in pest and disease damage and also to plant growth promoting substances present in produced by the antagonists and also found in the antifungal plant extracts (Sawant, 2014;Živkovićet al, 2010). This study indicated that antagonistic fungi and plant extracts are effective in managing pests and diseases in snap bean, resulting in increase in yields.…”

“…The activity of the antagonistic fungi against foliar diseases of snap bean can be attributed to induced systemic resistance, competition, suppression of sporulation and spore germination, suppression of enzyme production by the pathogen,production of antimicrobial toxins and plant growth promoting substances (Sawant, 2014;Živkovićet al, 2010). In mycoparasitism, the antagonist microorganism produces enzymes which hydrolyse the polysaccharides, cellulose, -glucans and chitin present in the cell walls of the plant pathogenic fungi (Sawant, 2014). The enzymes include chitinases, N-acetylglucosaminidases, -1,3-glucanases, proteases, celluloses, endoglucanases, glucosidases and amylases.…”

The biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum ID11C against to the biotic stress of Rhizoctonia solani B227 in bean development

“…Bu türler, bitkiler için çoklu mekanizmalar kullanarak çeşitli bitki patojeni mikroorganizmalara karşı koruyucu etkinlik oluştururlar. Bu çoklu mekanizmalar; mikoparazitizm, antibiyozis, uçucu metabolik bileşikler, mekan ve besinler için rekabet ve bitki sistemik direncinin uyarılması dahil, çoklu sinerjik mekanizmalarla patojenleri kontrol ettiği gösterilmiştir (Howell, 2003;Harman vd., 2004;Harman, 2006;Ningxiao vd., 2018, Shoresh vd., 2010Sawant, 2014;Woo vd., 2014).…”