Trichoderma spp. from Pine Bark and Pine Bark Extracts: Potent Biocontrol Agents against Botryosphaeriaceae

Abstract

Pinus sylvestris bark represents a rich source of active compounds with antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of P. sylvestris bark against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella sarmentorum, and Neofusicoccum parvum (Botryosphaeriaceae) through its chemical (water extracts) and biological (Trichoderma spp. isolated from the bark) components. The water bark extracts were prepared at two temperatures (80 and 120 °C) and pH regimes (7 and 9). The presence of bark extracts (30%) caused inhibition of mycelial growth of B. dothidea and D. sarmentorum for 39 to 44% and 53 to 60%, respectively. Moreover, we studied the antagonistic effect of three Trichoderma isolates originating from the pine bark. Trichoderma spp. reduced growth of B. dothidea by 67%–85%, D. sarmentorum by 63%–75% and N. parvum by 55%–62%. Microscopic examination confirmed typical mycoparasitism manifestations (coiling, parallel growth, hook-like structures). The isolates produced cellulase, β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The volatile blend detected the emission of several volatile compounds with antimicrobial activity, including nonanoic acid, cubenene, cis-α-bergamotene, hexanedioic acid, and verticillol. The present study confirmed in vitro potential of P. sylvestris bark extracts and Trichoderma spp. against the Botryosphaeriaceae. The study is an important step towards the use of environmentally friendly methods of Botryosphaeriaceae disease control.

Lignans Extract from Knotwood of Norway Spruce—A Possible New Weapon against GTDs

“…Diplodia seriata, member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae and the worldwide causal spread agent of Botryosphaeria dieback on grapevine [65][66][67][68][69], was the least inhibited fungus using GE in vitro, with inhibition of growth equal to 30%. Recent studies reported antifungal activity of pine bark extracts against fungal pathogens in Botryosphaeriaceae [70,71].…”

Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion

“…The most common method to evaluate auxin (indole-acetic acid) synthesis by Trichoderma strains is the Salkowski test (Abdenaceur et al 2022 ; Bader et al 2020 ; López 2023 ; Nagy et al 2023 ). Siderophore production is commonly analyzed by the Chrome Azurol assay (Hussein and Jin 2015 ; Karličić et al 2021 ; Zhang et al 2013 ). The phosphorus solubilization analysis can be performed by the National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate method (Bononi et al 2020 ; Gezgin et al 2020 ).…”

“…There has been evidence about the mycoparasitic activities of Trichoderma on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rousseau et al 1996), and recent data suggest that by competing with Glomus spp., T. harzianum could significantly diminish the efficient disease-controlling impact of the AMF fungi in reducing the Fusarium wilt infection in bananas (Castillo et al 2019). (Hussein and Jin 2015;Karličić et al 2021;Zhang et al 2013). The phosphorus solubilization analysis can be performed by the National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate method (Bononi et al 2020;Gezgin et al 2020).…”

Dieback and stability loss of old-growth Populus × euramericana in urban environments: Case study Železnički park, Novi Sad

“…Metoda lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) primenjena je umnožavanjem internog transkribovanog spejsera (ITS) ribozomalne DNK (rDNK) pomoću univerzalnih prajmera za amplifikaciju gljiva ITS1F i ITS4 (White et al 1990;Gardes i Bruns, 1993). PCR reakcije obavljene su u radnoj zapremini od 25 µl kako je opisano u istraživanju Karličić et al (2021). ali sa nešto većom količinom magnezijuma od 6.5 i 7µl.…”