Trichomonas vaginalis and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a High-Risk Obstetric Cohort in Atlanta, GA

Young, M. R.; Wall, Kristin M.; Dude, Carolynn M.; Goggins, Emily R.; Jamieson, Denise J.; Ofotokun, Igho; Haddad, Lisa

doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000001654

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…(68) However, the association of trichomoniasis with some of these complications is not universally accepted. (69) Genital trichomoniasis can be both asymptomatic and symptomatic, which occurs in varying percentages. In practice, the asymptomatic presence of Trichomonas vaginalis is detected casually in smears of vaginal contents obtained for other reasons or even in urinary samples.…”

Section: How To Approach Pregnant Women With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginitis in pregnant women

Duarte,

Linhares,

Kreitchmann

et al. 2024

Revista Brasileira De Ginecologia E Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics

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Keypoints• The balanced vaginal microbiome is the main factor defending the vaginal environment against infections. Lactobacilli play a key role in this regard, maintaining the vaginal pH within the normal range (3.8 to 4.5).• Hormonal and immune adaptations resulting from pregnancy influence changes in the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy. • An altered vaginal microbiome predisposes to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.• Bacterial vaginosis is the main clinical expression of an imbalanced vaginal microbiome.• Vulvovaginal candidiasis depends more on the host's conditions than on the etiological agent.• Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan transmitted during sexual intercourse.• The use of probiotics is not approved for use in pregnant women. Recommendations• All complaints of changes in the vaginal contents reported by the pregnant woman must be evaluated to rule out both the changes in the vaginal microbiome and other genital infections. • Microscopic examination for direct or Gram-stained examination should always be carried out when suspicious changes of infections are detected in the vaginal contents. • The Amsel's criteria and staining of the vaginal content smear according to Nugent criteria are used in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in our country. • The use of metronidazole for seven days is the preferred treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women. Although oral and vaginal treatments are efficient, oral treatment for seven days is preferred. If there is any impediment to the use of metronidazole, oral clindamycin is also a more commonly used option. • The wet mount vaginal swab of the vaginal contents is indicated to complement the clinical examination in the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Culture and antifungigrams are only indicated in relapses. • Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnant women must be treated with imidazole derivatives vaginally for seven days, as oral antifungal medications are not approved for use in pregnant women. • The wet mount vaginal swab of the vaginal contents is the main test to confirm the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. • The choice for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis is oral metronidazole for seven days. Single-dose oral treatment or vaginal treatment produce results with higher failure rates. • The best strategy must be established in each service, aiming to include the partner in antenatal care.

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Section: How To Approach Pregnant Women With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginitis in pregnant women

Duarte,

Linhares,

Kreitchmann

et al. 2024

Revista Brasileira De Ginecologia E Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics

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Investigation of the frequency and relationship between trichomonas infection in the preterm delivery (a case-control study in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Semnan)

Saffarieh,

Tarahomi,

Pazoki

et al. 2024

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Introduction and Purpose: Preterm delivery is a common complication during pregnancy periods and imposes a high cost on the healthcare system due to the care needs of premature babies. Sexually transmitted infections are one of the effective factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery and the diagnosis and treatment of these infections are effective in reducing complications and preventing preterm delivery. In this study, the role of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis [TV]) infection in preterm delivery has been evaluated. Methods: In a prospective case–control study, women with preterm birth were assigned to the case group, and women with full-term delivery on the same day were also assigned randomly to the control group. After receiving the history and physical examination, a sample was taken from the cervix for TV culture. The data were included in the SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Findings: The overall prevalence of this infection was 10%. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 2% among mothers with full-term delivery and 16.4% among mothers with premature birth, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.021). The logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of Trichomonas infection on premature birth showed that there was the probability of the occurrence of premature delivery increases in mothers with trichomoniasis infection with lower age, higher body mass index, the presence of underlying disease, lower educational level, housewives, lower parity and gravity and having a history of fetus abortion more than 13 times with its occurrence probability occurs in mothers without Trichomonas infection (P = 0.046, Exp (β) =13.266). Conclusion: According to the present results, TV screening for pregnant women, especially in high-risk groups, is emphasized to reduce the incidence of preterm delivery and related complications, especially neonatal complications.

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a High-Risk Obstetric Cohort in Atlanta, GA

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Vulvovaginitis in pregnant women

Vulvovaginitis in pregnant women

Investigation of the frequency and relationship between trichomonas infection in the preterm delivery (a case-control study in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Semnan)

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