Trichomonas vaginalis: In VitroPhagocytosis of Lactobacilli, Vaginal Epithelial Cells, Leukocytes, and Erythrocytes

Rendón-Maldonado, José Guadalupe; Espinosa‐Cantellano, Martha; González‐Robles, Arturo; Martı́nez-Palomo, Adolfo

doi:10.1006/expr.1998.4297

Cited by 93 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When horse erythrocytes were maintained with the trophozoites, the SEM demonstrated erythrophagocytosis by the parasites, suggesting a contact-dependent mechanism of the hemolytic activity. Rendón-Maldonado et al [28] have observed two forms of erythrophagocytosis by T. vaginalis. The first involves a suction mechanism, with the elongation of the erythrocyte plasma membrane and internalisation through a narrow endocytic channel, while the second proceedes through the emission of a phagocytic stoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tritrichomonas foetus: a scanning electron microscopy study of erythrocyte adhesion associated with hemolytic activity

2004

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-The in vitro hemolytic activity of Tritrichomonas foetus was investigated. The parasite was tested against human erythrocytes of groups A, B, AB, and O, and against erythrocytes of nine adult animals of different species (the rabbit, rat, chicken, cat, dog, swine, horse, bovine, and sheep). The results showed that T. foetus strains (ATCC KV1, K, PAL, 5022, RJ, 90) did not present any hemolytic activity against any human erythrocyte group nor against rabbit, rat, chicken, cat, dog and swine erythrocytes. T. foetus strains, however, lysed horse, bovine, and sheep erythrocytes. No hemolysin released by the parasites could be identified. Hemolysis did not occur with trichomonad culture supernatants, with sonicated extracts of T. foetus, nor with killed organisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that human erythrocytes did not adhere to the trophozoites, in contrast horse erythrocytes adhered to the surface of the parasites and were phagocytosed for up to 90 min. The parasites are able to exert their cytopathic effects through: (a) physical contact established between the two cell surfaces, (b) toxins released from parasites into the interaction media, or (c) the association of both mechanisms. Further studies are necessary to clarify the importance of the hemolytic activity in the biology of T. foetus.Tritrichomonas foetus / hemolytic activity / scanning electron microscopy / erythrophagocytosis / cytopathic effects

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tritrichomonas foetus: a scanning electron microscopy study of erythrocyte adhesion associated with hemolytic activity

2004

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“…It has been demonstrated that T. vaginalis cells are real scavengers and that they seem to interact and ingest a variety of cells, such as VECs, erythrocytes, lactobacilli and leucocytes (Rendon-Maldonado et al 1998). However, their behaviour concerning the protein keratin has not been analysed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus with keratin: an important role in parasite infection

Vilela

Benchimol

2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are human and bovine parasites, respectively, that provoke the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. These extracellular parasites adhere to the host epithelial cell surface. Although mucinases and proteases have been described as important proteins for parasite adhesion to epithelial cells, no studies have examined the role of the keratin molecules that cornify the vaginal epithelium. Here, we investigated the interaction of T. vaginalis and T. foetus with human keratin in vitro; additionally, adherence assays were performed in cattle with T. foetus to elucidate whether trichomonads were able to interact with keratin in vivo. We demonstrated that both T. vaginalisand T. foetusinteracted directly with keratin. Additionally, the trichomonads ingested and digested keratin, shedding new light on the Trichomonas infection process

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis has been reported to phagocytose bacteria including lactobacilli both in vivo and in vitro 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. Phagocytosis of the lactobacilli is presumed to increase vaginal pH and promote colonization and survival of T. vaginalis in the vagina 33. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes by T. vaginalis also has been reported and may provide the parasite with vital nutrients and minerals including lipids and iron 33, 36.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phagocytosis of the lactobacilli is presumed to increase vaginal pH and promote colonization and survival of T. vaginalis in the vagina 33. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes by T. vaginalis also has been reported and may provide the parasite with vital nutrients and minerals including lipids and iron 33, 36. Major differences in the urogenital microenvironment between men and women have been postulated to explain a general lack of symptomatology in most men with T. vaginalis infection.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichomonas vaginalis and bovine T. foetus infection are associated with endometrial inflammation characterized by the presence of neutrophils, plasma cells, and lymphocytes 97, 98. In in vitro, T. vaginalis has been shown to phagocytose leukocytes and induce apoptosis of neutrophils and macrophages 33, 99, 100. Moreover, T. vaginalis suppresses expression of the macrophage proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐12 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activity, and enhances expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐10 and tumor necrosis factor β (TNFβ) 101, 102.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Trichomonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

Tolbert

Gookin

2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Almost 20 years has passed since trichomonosis was first recognized as a potential cause of diarrhea in domestic cats. Despite progress in confirming disease causation, developing means for diagnosis, and identifying approaches to treatment of the infection, we still know very little about how this parasite causes diarrhea. With increasing recognition of resistance of trichomonosis to treatment with 5‐nitroimidazole drugs, new treatment strategies based on an understanding of disease pathogenesis are needed. In this review, lessons learned from the pathogenesis of venereal trichomonosis in people and cattle are applied to clinical observations of trichomonosis in cats in effort to generate insight into areas where further research may be beneficial.

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Trichomonas vaginalis: In VitroPhagocytosis of Lactobacilli, Vaginal Epithelial Cells, Leukocytes, and Erythrocytes

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Tritrichomonas foetus: a scanning electron microscopy study of erythrocyte adhesion associated with hemolytic activity

Tritrichomonas foetus: a scanning electron microscopy study of erythrocyte adhesion associated with hemolytic activity

Interaction of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus with keratin: an important role in parasite infection

Mechanisms ofTritrichomonas foetusPathogenicity in Cats with Insights from Venereal Trichomonosis

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