Trichosanthes kirilowii Extract Promotes Wound Healing through the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in Keratinocytes

Abstract

The proliferation of keratinocytes is one of the important steps in the wound-healing process, which is regulated by various signals. Prior studies have shown that Trichosanthes kirilowii extract has the ability to promote angiogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we tested the wound-healing efficacy of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract with respect to promoting keratinocyte proliferation. A total of 100 μg/mL of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract treatment improved 145.38% of keratinocyte proliferation compared with DMSO-treated control in an MTT assay and increased 238.2% of wound closure by re-epithelialization in an in vitro wound-healing assay. Trichosanthes kirilowii extract promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation in western blot analysis and induced the expression of the c-fos and c-jun (AP-1 transcription factors), cyclins (cell cycle regulator), and growth factors CTGF and VEGF (stimulator of angiogenesis) in qRT-PCR analysis. An in vivo wound-healing assay showed that Trichosanthes kirilowii extract improved wound healing, and the significant difference in wound closure compared with DMSO-treated control was shown on days 6 and 7 with a mouse model. Taken together, we demonstrate that Trichosanthes kirilowii extract promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes by activating ERK1/2 and increasing the mRNA expression of c-fos, c-jun, CTGF, and VEGF. Therefore, we suggest Trichosanthes kirilowii extract as a new component for skin care and as a wound-healing substance.

Topical metformin accelerates wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and inhibiting apoptosis in a diabetic wound model

“… 9 Evidence from recent in vitro wound model studies have shown that c‐Jun expression increases as a result of treatment with different agents, which promotes the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, thereby accelerating wound healing. 40 , 41 , 42 However, in another study, they showed that high glucose increased the mRNA and protein level of AP1 subunits c‐Fos/c‐Jun, resulting in the activation of AP1 in diabetic skin tissue. 43 In an in vivo wound model, photobiomodulation treatment combined with a topical hydrogel prepared from the fruit of Lycium barbarum was shown to decrease MMP‐1/‐2/‐9 expression as well as c‐Fos/c‐Jun, and increase collagen I/III level, inhibit skin thickening caused by ultraviolet radiation.…”

“…In addition, phosphorylated AP‐1 is also known to regulate genes involved in wound healing, such as growth factors and MMPs 9 . Evidence from recent in vitro wound model studies have shown that c‐Jun expression increases as a result of treatment with different agents, which promotes the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, thereby accelerating wound healing 40–42 . However, in another study, they showed that high glucose increased the mRNA and protein level of AP1 subunits c‐Fos/c‐Jun, resulting in the activation of AP1 in diabetic skin tissue 43 .…”

A Bee Trp-Arg Dense Peptide with Antiproliferation Efficacy against the Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU145

“…Subsequently, the cells were treated with a solution containing 0.5 mg/mL of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and incubated at 37 °C for 3 h [ 25 ]. Formazan crystals were dissolved by adding 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to each well.…”

Anti-Candida Potential of Sclareol in Inhibiting Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Yeast–Hyphal Transition

“…Propidium iodide (PI, Biotium, Hayward, California, SF, USA) staining was carried out as reported previously with some modifications [ 23 ]. Freshly grown C. albicans cells were diluted to 10 6 CFU/mL in YPD medium and treated with indicated concentrations of sclareol (25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) at 30 °C for 2 h. Cells were washed twice with PBS and resuspended in 25 µg/mL of PI solution for 20 min at room temperature in the dark with shaking.…”