Trichosanthin, a Chinese Medicine for the Medical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy With High Levels of β-hCG

Xiang, Dan; Chen, L.M.; Gu, Jun; Stone, Peter; Chen, Qi

doi:10.1177/1933719111426605

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently, a large clinical study indicated that TCS was effective against ectopic pregnancy in 140 women (28.9 years, range 18 to 44) at the dose of 1.8 mg/person using intramuscular injection. There were no significant side effects for most of the patients and it seems to have no effects on their subsequent pregnancy as well as giving birth to a healthy baby [51]. However, the efficiency as well as recommended dosage of TCS on breast cancer patients will depend on further clinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trichosanthin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation in Both Cell Lines and Nude Mice by Promotion of Apoptosis

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Breast cancer ranks as a common and severe neoplasia in women with increasing incidence as well as high risk of metastasis and relapse. Translational and laboratory-based clinical investigations of new/novel drugs are in progress. Medicinal plants are rich sources of biologically active natural products for drug development. The 27-kDa trichosanthin (TCS) is a ribosome inactivating protein purified from tubers of the Chinese herbal plant Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz (common name Tian Hua Fen). In this study, we extended the potential medicinal applications of TCS from HIV, ferticide, hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, to breast cancer. We found that TCS manifested anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities in both estrogen-dependent human MCF-7 cells and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 cells. Flow cytometric analysis disclosed that TCS induced cell cycle arrest. Further studies revealed that TCS-induced tumor cell apoptosis was attributed to activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9 regulated pathways. The subsequent events including caspase-3 activation, and increased PARP cleavage. With regard to cell morphology, stereotypical apoptotic features were observed. Moreover, in comparison with control, TCS- treated nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors exhibited significantly reduced tumor volume and tumor weight, due to the potent effect of TCS on tumor cell apoptosis as determined by the increase of caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation using immunohistochemistry. Considering the clinical efficacy and relative safety of TCS on other human diseases, this work opens up new therapeutic avenues for patients with estrogen-dependent and/or estrogen-independent breast cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trichosanthin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation in Both Cell Lines and Nude Mice by Promotion of Apoptosis

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…The dried products of male T . kirilowii roots, a kind of famous traditional Chinese medicine known as “radix trichosanthis”, have been extensively used in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy 1 and bloat-resistant lesions 2 . Trichosanthin (TCS), the active ingredient of radix trichosanthis, is a type I single chain ribosome-inactivating protein (SCRIP) 3 4 that plays a specific role in inhibiting protein synthesis 5 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TCS has widely been used to cure diabetes, rigorous coughing, breast abscesses 7 , hypertension, hyperlipidemia, blood plasmic viscosity 8 , migraines 9 , exfetation, vesicular moles, and ectopic gestation 1 10 . TCS has effects on treatments for different tumours and cancers such as malignant tumours 11 12 , epithelial cancer 13 , prostatic cancer 14 , and cervical cancer 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lower pH Value Benefits Regeneration of Trichosanthes kirilowii by Somatic Embryogenesis, Involving Rhizoid Tubers (RTBs), a Novel Structure

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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A new approach was established for the regeneration of Trichosanthes kirilowii from root, stem, and leaf explants by somatic embryogenesis (SE), involving a previously unreported SE structure, rhizoid tubers (RTBs). During SE, special rhizoids were first induced from root, stem, and leaf explants with average rhizoid numbers of 62.33, 40.17, and 11.53 per explant, respectively, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (pH 4.0) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under dark conditions. Further, one RTB was formed from each of the rhizoids on MS medium (pH 4.0) supplemented with 20 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) under light conditions. In the suitable range (pH 4.0–9.0), a lower pH value increased the induction of rhizoids and RTBs. Approximately 37.77, 33.47, and 31.07% of in vivo RTBs from root, stem, and leaf explants, respectively, spontaneously developed into multiple plantlets on the same MS medium (supplemented with 20 mg/L TDZ) for induction of RTBs, whereas >95.00% of in vitro RTBs from each kind of explant developed into multiple plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Morphological and histological analyses revealed that RTB is a novel type of SE structure that develops from the cortex cells of rhizoids.

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“…Trichosanthin (TCS), from the root of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. , is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein and has been clinically used for hydatidiform mole, extrauterine pregnancy, stillbirth, and abortion in China for decades 13 . Notably, TCS can effectively inhibit tumors like fibrosarcoma 14 and glioma 15 , and restore the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapeutics 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant cell-penetrating trichosanthin synergizes anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal tumor

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Alleviating immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment is an important strategy to improve immune checkpoint therapy. It is an urgent but unmet need to develop adjuvant therapeutics for assisting the mainstay immunotherapies. Trichosanthin is an approved gynecology drug in China and its immunomodulatory effects have drawn much attention as an old drug for new applications in cancer. In this work, a recombinant cell-penetrating trichosanthin (rTCS-LMWP) was prepared via genetic fusion of a cell-penetrating peptide sequence (LMWP) to trichosanthin aiming to overcome the intratumoral penetration and intracellular delivery challenges. The potential of trichosanthin as an adjuvant therapy was explored, including its effects on tumor cells, antigen-presenting cells, tumor immune microenvironment, and the synergistic effect in combination with anti-PD-1. The results revealed that rTCS-LMWP can stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells via activating the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, repolarize the protumor M2-type macrophages, and upregulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, rTCS-LMWP can enhance anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in a CT26-bearing mouse model. The synergistic effect involved the induction of immunogenic cell death in the tumors, the proliferation and functionalization of cytotoxic T cells, and the suppression of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. These findings indicate that trichosanthin can be developed as an immunomodulator to facilitate cancer immunotherapy.

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Trichosanthin, a Chinese Medicine for the Medical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy With High Levels of β-hCG

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Trichosanthin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation in Both Cell Lines and Nude Mice by Promotion of Apoptosis

Trichosanthin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation in Both Cell Lines and Nude Mice by Promotion of Apoptosis

A Lower pH Value Benefits Regeneration of Trichosanthes kirilowii by Somatic Embryogenesis, Involving Rhizoid Tubers (RTBs), a Novel Structure

Recombinant cell-penetrating trichosanthin synergizes anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal tumor

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