Triclosan: A critical review of the experimental data and development of margins of safety for consumer products

Abstract

Triclosan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy-diphenyl ether) is an antibacterial compound that has been used in consumer products for about 40 years. The tolerability and safety of triclosan has been evaluated in human volunteers with little indication of toxicity or sensitization. Although information in humans from chronic usage of personal care products is not available, triclosan has been extensively studied in laboratory animals. When evaluated in chronic oncogenicity studies in mice, rats, and hamsters, treatment-related tumors were found only in the liver of male and female mice. Application of the Human Relevance Framework suggested that these tumors arose by way of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activation, a mode of action not considered to be relevant to humans. Consequently, a Benchmark Dose (BMDL(10)) of 47 mg/kg/day was developed based on kidney toxicity in the hamster. Estimates of the amount of intake from in the use of representative personal care products for men, women, and children were derived in two ways: (1) using known or assumed triclosan levels in various consumer products and assumed usage patterns (product-based estimates); and (2) using upper bound measured urinary triclosan levels from human volunteers (biomonitoring-based estimates) using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the product-based estimates, the margin of safety (MOS) for the combined exposure estimates of intake from the use of all triclosan-containing products considered were approximately 1000, 730, and 630 for men, women, and children, respectively. The MOS calculated from the biomonitoring-based estimated intakes were 5200, 6700, and 11,750 for men, women, and children, respectively. Based on these results, exposure to triclosan in consumer products is not expected to cause adverse health effects in children or adults who use these products as intended.

Pilot Study Of Photoallergic Reactions To Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents, Chemicals Used In Dental Composites And Antiseptic Agents Among Dental Professionals

“…Triclosan was used as a hospital scrub in the 1970s. Now it is prevalent in a variety of consumer products including toothpaste, mouthwash, soaps, shampoos, detergents, bath additives, skin cleansers, deodorants, foot powders and sprays, surgical cleaning treatments, laundry products, disposable paper products, antiodor insoles and hose, as well as in the treatment of textiles and antifungal agent in PVC wetroom carpets (17)(18)(19).…”

Triclosan in Toothpaste, Is There Any Real Risk for the Health?

“…Y con la aplicación de una tira de 2 cm de PTCS al 0.3%, se estima una ingesta de 1.9 g/día (29). Después de la ingesta, el TCS presenta una fase rápida de absorción que muestra el mayor pico de C.C.…”

LINE-1 gene hypomethylation and p16 gene hypermethylation in HepG2 cells induced by low-dose and long-term triclosan exposure: The role of hydroxyl group

“…Its toxicity mainly resides in carcinogenicity and endocrine effects on mammalians, such as causing the hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in mice (Rodricks et al, 2010). Specially, Yueh et al resported in Proceeings of the National Academy of sciences of United States of America(PNAS) that long-term TCS exposure (8 months) enhancing liver fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis in mice (Yueh et al, 2014).…”