Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

Sinicropi, Maria Stefania; Iacopetta, Domenico; Ceramella, Jessica; Catalano, Alessia; Mariconda, Annaluisa; Pellegrino, Michele; Saturnino, Carmela; Longo, Pasquale; Aquaro, Stefano

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11060735

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…In addition, the effective microbial spectrum of antimicrobial sutures has been reported to include all major bacterial species causing SSI in the orthopedic field. [ 24 , 25 ] Triclosan-coated sutures not only help to protect against bacterial colonization of the suture itself, but also create an area of growth inhibition around the suture, indicating that antimicrobial Vicryl® not only protects against wound infection, but also inhibits the growth of bacteria that have already penetrated and attached to the implant, thereby preventing further development of deep-seated infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of triclosan-coated suture in preventing surgical infection: A meta-analysis

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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Surgical site infection (SSI) is a severe postoperative adverse event that not only increases the cost of treatment, but also prolongs the recovery time and pain of patients. It usually occurs due to the destruction of bone tissue structure and implantation of internal fixation during orthopedic surgery. [1,2] All surgeries are classified into four categories according to the wound classification system: clean, clean/contaminated, contaminated, and dirty. [3] Hip and knee arthroplasty is a type of clean operation in orthopedics; that is, the surgical incision does not involve inflammatory areas, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and urogenital tract. [4] In general, after the strict aseptic operation and preventive use of antibiotics, the probability of postoperative infection is low. However, once an infection occurs, the consequences would be catastrophic. During surgical procedures, various species of germs have the potential to colonize not only the tissue in the surgical area, but also the sutures. [5,6] Objectives: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the differences in surgical site infection (SSI) between triclosancoated and uncoated sutures after hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients and methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized-controlled studies (RCTs) comparing triclosan-coated sutures with uncoated sutures for the prevention of SSIs after hip and knee arthroplasty. Literature screening and data curation were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the risk of bias was assessed for included research using Cochrane Handbook criteria.Results: Three RCTs with a total of 2,689 cases were finally included, including 1,296 cases in the triclosan-coated suture group and 1,393 cases in the control group. The overall incidence of SSI was lower in the group with triclosan antimicrobial sutures (1.9%) than in the uncoated suture group (2.5%), but the difference was statistically significant (odds ratio=0.76, 95% confidence interval: [0.45-1.27], p=0.30). The differences in the results of the incidence of superficial SSI and deep SSI were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion:The application of triclosan antimicrobial sutures did not reduce the incidence of SSI after hip and knee arthroplasty compared to the controls, and it needs further high-quality RCT studies to be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of triclosan-coated suture in preventing surgical infection: A meta-analysis

Liu

Chen

et al. 2023

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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“…To remove pollutants that polymerize, the wastewater is then filtered or sedimented [243,245]. Sun et al (2019) proved that the way to remove triclosan, a compound with antibacterial properties, which is resistant to biodegradation [246][247][248], from water is the enzymatic activity of the T. versicolor laccase supported by Cu 2+ ions [137], in which mainly triclosan dimers, trimers and tetramers are produced. A possible transformation mechanism of the xenobiotic was proposed: (i) laccase catalyzes the oxidation of triclosan to produce intermediate phenoxy radicals, and (ii) phenoxy radicals link together via C-C and C-O-C radical covalent bonds, forming mainly oligomers.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Removing Xenobiotics From Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characteristics of Laccases and their Practical Application in the Removal of Xenobiotics from Waters

Gałązka¹,

Jankiewicz²,

Szczepkowski³

2023

Preprint

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Industrialization, intensive farming, rapid population growth and urbanization are the source of a large number of pollutants entering the environment. The current concentration of xenobiotics released into the environment exceeds its natural ability to decompose them. Enzymatic degradation of pollutants seems to be an environmentally friendly process. Due to the wide spectrum of substrate specificity, from inorganic compounds to high molecular weight organic compounds such as PAH or dyes, as well as favorable biochemical properties, laccase has been used in the biological removal of xenobiotics from the environment. It is important to understand the degradation mechanisms of pollutants and to evaluate the final products in terms of their toxicity. The laccase oxidizes the substrates with the simultaneous reduction of molecular oxygen to water, which is the purest reaction co-substrate. That is why it is called a green biocatalyst. The trend is an increase in the production of enzymes related to the intensive development of industry, bioremediation or synthetic chemistry. This leads to the search for laccases with greater activity and stability under extreme conditions. The potential of laccases to degrade xenobiotics can be promoted by improving enzymatic catalytic characterization using protein engineering and other genetic engineering methods.

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“…Triclosan is a disinfectant found in PCPs, though it has now been banned in soap products in many countries (Sinicropi et al, 2022). One study evolving Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the presence of triclosan found reduced susceptibility to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, mediated through overexpression of the multidrug efflux pump SmeDEF (Sanchez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Co-selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Environmental Exposure to Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Residues Result in the Selection of Antimicrobial‐Resistant Microorganisms, and is this Important in Terms of Human Health Outcomes?

Stanton

Tipper

Chau

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The environment plays a critical role in the development, dissemination, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) enter the environment through direct application to the environment and through anthropogenic pollution. Although there is a growing body of evidence defining minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) of antibiotics and the role antibiotics play in horizontal gene transfer (HGT), there is limited evidence on the role of non-antibiotic PPCPs. Existing data show associations with the development of resistance or effects on bacterial growth rather than calculating selective endpoints. Research has focused on laboratory-based systems rather than in situ experiments, although PPCP concentrations found throughout wastewater, natural water, and soil environments are often within the range of laboratory-derived MSCs and at concentrations shown to promote HGT. Increased selection and HGT of AMR by PPCPs will result in an increase in total AMR abundance in the environment, increasing the risk of exposure and potential transmission of environmental AMR to humans. There is some evidence to suggest that humans can acquire resistance from environmental settings, with water environments being the most frequently studied. However, because this is currently limited, we recommend that more evidence be gathered to understand the risk the environment plays in regard to human health. In addition, we recommend that future research efforts focus on MSC-based experiments for non-antibiotic PPCPS, particularly in situ, and investigate the effect of PPCP mixtures on AMR. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-14.

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Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles

Cited by 40 publications

References 247 publications

The role of triclosan-coated suture in preventing surgical infection: A meta-analysis

The role of triclosan-coated suture in preventing surgical infection: A meta-analysis

Biochemical Characteristics of Laccases and their Practical Application in the Removal of Xenobiotics from Waters

Does Environmental Exposure to Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Residues Result in the Selection of Antimicrobial‐Resistant Microorganisms, and is this Important in Terms of Human Health Outcomes?

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