Triclosan as a Systemic Antibacterial Agent in a MouseModel of Acute BacterialChallenge

Sharma, Shilpi; Ramya, T.N.C.; Surolia, Avadhesha; Surolia, Namita

doi:10.1128/aac.47.12.3859-3866.2003

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the past, triclosan has already been in use as antibacterial agent. Based on previous reports (6,20) and our current data, it is clear that triclosan is active against both liver-stage and blood-stage parasites. Different kinds of molecules are known to target PfENR (35-37) and close to a hundred derivatives of triclosan have recently been examined for the blood-stage parasite enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Extensive studies have been performed on P. falciparum ENR (PfENR), using biochemical (14-17) as well as structural (12,18,19) tools, to understand the mechanism of PfENR inhibition by triclosan. Several studies have shown that triclosan is effective in killing the malaria parasites (blood stage) both in vitro and in vivo as well as in clearing an acute bacterial infection (6,12,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triclosan inhibit the growth of the late liver‐stage of Plasmodium

Singh

Surolia

2009

IUBMB Life

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SummaryAnnually, approximately two million human deaths are caused worldwide by malaria, most of them being children. Plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of cerebral malaria, the most severe and fatal form of disease. Moreover, the emergence of resistant strains to the existing drugs has worsened the situation. Currently, primaquine is the only drug available for eliminating liver-stage parasites. Because of the emergence of resistant parasite strains, it becomes necessary to find new targets unique to the malaria parasites. In the Plasmodium species, the discovery of a distinct Type-II fatty-acid synthesis pathway has created an opportunity to target this pathway for the development of new inhibitors of malaria parasite growth. The present study explored the growth inhibition potential of triclosan in the case of liver-stage parasites. Liver-stage of Plasmodium is an excellent target for intervention due to very small parasite load as well as possibility of eliminating parasites before it can cause blood-stage infection. Here we report that triclosan inhibits the development of the Plasmodium liver-stage parasites.2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(9): 923-928, 2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclosan inhibit the growth of the late liver‐stage of Plasmodium

Singh

Surolia

2009

IUBMB Life

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“…It inhibits recombinant PfFabI with an IC 50 of 70 nM and arrests the growth of P. falciparum in red blood cell cultures with an IC 50 of 0.7 M (12, 34). Its potency as a systemic antibacterial agent has also been explored (28). For studying the inhibition by triclosan, all of the FAS enzymes were added sequentially, in contrast to previous reaction setups in which all of the FAS enzymes were added together in the reaction mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry-Based Systems Approach for Identification of Inhibitors ofPlasmodium falciparumFatty Acid Synthase

Sharma

Modak

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…However, the increase in azole use has precipitated a rise in drug resistance in clinical isolates. Triclosan, a chlorinated aromatic compound, has antimicrobial (4,8,20), antiparasitic (26), and anti-inflammatory (1,24) activities. It has been used in personal care products (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…An agar diffusion test can provide more visually convincing results. A combination treatment with triclosan has been previously demonstrated to significantly enhance the efficacy of triclosan against microbes (20,22). In contrast to various previous reports (20,22), triclosan is a better synergist to fluconazole against C. albicans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Interaction between Fluconazole and Triclosan against Clinical Isolates of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Determined by Different Methods

Ling

Deng

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro interaction between triclosan and fluconazole against 24 azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard technique. The synergisms were verified by time-killing curves and agar diffusion tests in selected strains. Antagonistic activity was not detected.Candida albicans is the primary cause of opportunistic fungal disease in humans. It is predominantly found at low levels among the normal oral flora but can thrive in immunocompromised individuals (16,25). Fluconazole has been used successfully as a prophylactic and a first-line therapeutic antifungal agent (5,6,19). However, the increase in azole use has precipitated a rise in drug resistance in clinical isolates. Triclosan, a chlorinated aromatic compound, has antimicrobial (4,8,20), antiparasitic (26), and anti-inflammatory (1, 24) activities. It has been used in personal care products (2). Combination therapy can improve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy for infections recalcitrant to most treatments. Therefore, we aimed to assess the presence of combination effects with triclosan and fluconazole in C. albicans.A total of 24 clinical isolates of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans were used in this study, and C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. parapsilosis ATCC 90018, and C. krusei ATCC 6258 were used as quality controls. The drugs were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich).The drug MICs were determined by broth microdilution according to CLSI method M27-A (3) with an inoculum of 2.5 ϫ 10 3 CFU/ml. The plates were incubated at 35°C, and the optical density (OD) value was determined at 492 nm after 48 h, a modification to the CLSI reference method. All experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the median MIC-1 endpoint value, which represents an 80% reduction in turbidity, and MIC-2 endpoint value, which represents a 50% reduction in turbidity, were calculated (3). The drug interactions were analyzed using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and ⌬E models based on the Loewe additivity and Bliss independence theories, respectively (14, 21). The FICIs were defined as the sum of the MICs of each drug used in the combination divided by the MIC of the drug used alone. Synergy and antagonism were defined by FICIs of Յ0.5 and Ͼ4, respectively (15). The ⌬E model was calculated as the sums of the percentages of all statistically significant (SS) synergistic (ΑSYN) and antagonistic (ΑANT) interactions. Interactions that were Ͻ100% and Ͼ200% SS interactions were considered weak and strong, respectively. Interactions that were 100 to 200% SS interactions were considered moderate (14). The numbers of SS synergistic and antagonistic combinations were calculated for each strain.A 100-l sample of 10 6 CFU/ml C. albicans YL345, which exhibited the best synergistic effect, was spread onto a yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar surface. Subsequently, 6-mmdiameter paper disks, impregnated with drugs or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) alone, were placed onto the surface. The inhibition zones were measured usi...

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Triclosan as a Systemic Antibacterial Agent in a MouseModel of Acute BacterialChallenge

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Triclosan inhibit the growth of the late liver‐stage of Plasmodium

Triclosan inhibit the growth of the late liver‐stage of Plasmodium

Mass Spectrometry-Based Systems Approach for Identification of Inhibitors ofPlasmodium falciparumFatty Acid Synthase

In Vitro Interaction between Fluconazole and Triclosan against Clinical Isolates of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Determined by Different Methods

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