Trifarotene: A Current Review and Perspectives in Dermatology

Abstract

Retinoids have numerous applications in inflammatory, dyskeratotic, and oncohematology diseases. Retinoids have now reached the fourth generation, progressively reducing toxicity whilst increasing their efficacy. Trifarotene is a new fourth-generation retinoid with a selective action on RAR-γ. In this review, we reported the trials—both concluded and in progress—including the use of trifarotene in dermatological diseases. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, Trials.gov) from 2012 to today and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included. Randomized trials evaluating trifarotene tolerability, safety, and efficacy in congenital ichthyosis and acne have demonstrated great results and mild side effects, leading to the approval by the FDA of trifarotene for the treatment of lamellar ichthyosis in 2014, and of acne vulgaris in October 2019. No high-quality randomized clinical trials have evaluated the treatment of primary cutaneous lymphomas with trifarotene. Finally, we are hypothesizing future perspectives in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers, fungal infections, photoaging, and hand-foot skin reactions with trifarotene.

Severe nondiabetic plantar mal perforant in an adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa

“…As recently reported, Trifarotene, a new fourth-generation retinoid with a reduced toxicity and an increased efficacy, could have been proposed in the absence of a favourable outcome for this kind of ulceration of unclear etiology. It is indeed known that vitamin A and its synthetic analogues have a crucial role in modulating some skin functions as epidermal keratinization, differentiation, maturation, and proliferation [16]. We suggest that changes in body perception, decreased pain sensibility, denial of the disorder and self-harm behaviours associated with psychiatric comorbidities may prevent patient reporting of skin lesions and, thus, may delay diagnosis.…”

Retinoids in Fungal Infections: From Bench to Bedside

“…The fixed structure reduces broad interactions, thus increasing drug selectivity. Trifarotene is a recently synthetized fourth-generation retinoid, highly specific for skin RAR-γ receptors [10]. A milestone in the possible application of retinoids as antifungal agents arose after an observation of evidence-based medicine (EBM), gone unnoticed by Girmenia et al [11] but elucidated by Campione et al [12].…”

Patidegib in Dermatology: A Current Review

“…There are multiple therapeutic modalities, and the specific choice in each case requires the knowledge of complications, cosmetic outcomes, and recurrence rates [ 2 ]. Advanced BCC (aBCC) is more aggressive than conventional BCC and topical therapies, that are routinely used, are not effective [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Hedgehog pathway (Hp) signalling is involved in regulating proliferation, stem cell population, differentiation, tissue polarity, and carcinogenesis, particularly in the arising of aBCC [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] In mammals, Hp signaling molecules include three ligands (Sonic, Indian, and Desert hedgehog), two receptors named Protein Patched Homolog (PTCH1, and PTCH2), a crucial signal transducer smoothened (SMO) and three zinc-finger proteins, named glioma-associated oncogene (Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3), which act as transcription factors [ 11 ].…”