Trifluralin Toxicity in a Chagas Disease Mouse Model

Abstract

Even though trifluralin ( α , α , α -2,6-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) is effective for the treatment of experimental Chagas disease, more preclinical toxicity studies need to be performed. Cell toxicity of trifluralin was studied in Hep-G2 and Vero C76 cells treated with 50 and 150 µ M trifluralin. The results show that duplication time, amount of cellular protein and cell protein/DNA values were normal. Histological, haematological and chemical parameters were measured in CF1 mice after oral trifluralin administration. Acute toxic effects were assayed by administration of 50 or 200 mg / kg body weight daily for 30 days, and chronic effects by administration of 200 mg / kg body weight once a week for 90 days (n = 20). In the acute scheme treatment, hepatic (glutamic-pyruvic, glutamic-oxalacetic and alkaline phosphatase activities; proteins and albumin plasma concentrations) and pancreatic (amylase, glycaemia) functions were normal. Mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin and haematocrit decreased. Creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxalacetic activity increased, suggesting lesion in myocardial tissue. Histology was normal, excepting for the heart (mild myocarditis). Similar results were observed in acutely treated animals. There were no differences in body weight gain for treated mice compared to controls. In view of the published therapeutic effects of trifluralin on CF1 Chagas disease model and considering the present results, trifluralin seems to be a moderately toxic drug with a potential selective effect on the myocardium.

Novel Use of Cell Profiling Technology to Visualize Mitochondrial Responses of Humpback Whale Fibroblasts to Chemical Exposure

“…The viability of HuWa TERT cells was clearly impacted by exposure to all selected environmental contaminants (Figure a), with EC 50 ranging from 6.0 (lindane) to 173.3 nM ( p,p’ -DDE); in order of increasing toxicity: lindane > chlorpyrifos > dieldrin > endosulfan > trifluralin > p,p’ -DDE. Each of our priority pesticides have been applied in lethal ecotoxicological studies with a variety of species. − Our observed DAPI EC50 values were consistent with the reported LC50 on several marine fish species for lindane (ranged 3.8 to 226 nM), chlorpyrifos (ranged 0.7 to 5 × 10 5 nM), dieldrin (ranged 2.6 to 207.4 nM), endosulfan (ranged 0.24 to 368.6 nM), , and trifluralin (ranged 25 to 2.2 × 10 6 nM) . To our knowledge, no in vitro cytotoxicity studies have reported on cetaceans for our candidate chemicals, with the exception of p,p’ -DDE.…”

The Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Pendimethalin and Trifluralin on A549 Cells In Vitro

“…These concentrations were chosen according to their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and toxicity levels. [24][25][26][27] The cells were incubated for 24 hours and harvested from the wells and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 min.…”

Persistence and behavior of pesticides in cotton production in Turkish soils

“…Recent research has found that it is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates (Turgut 2007;Winkaler et al 2007;Zaidenberg et al 2007). Trifluralin has been implicated increasingly in mammalian toxicity (Fennell et al 2006) and genotoxicity (Gebel et al 1997;Fernandes et al 2007).…”