Trigeminal premotor neurons in the bulbar parvocellular reticular formation participating in induction of rhythmical activity of trigeminal motoneurons by repetitive stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the guinea pig

Nozaki, Shuichi; Iriki, Atsushi; Nakamura, Yoshio

doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.2.595

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…This area contains premotor interneurons that are involved in various types of mouth movements (Nozaki et al, 1993), and is directly controlled by the mouth area of the motor cortex (Nozaki et al, 1986). That the basal ganglia also control mouth movements has been suggested by electrical and chemical stimulation studies (Nakamura et al, 1990).…”

Section: Mouth Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAergic output of the basal ganglia

Hikosaka

2007

Progress in Brain Research

156

124

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Section: Mouth Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABAergic output of the basal ganglia

Hikosaka

2007

Progress in Brain Research

156

124

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“…Many of these labeled pre-FMNs were closely apposed to anterogradely Drew et al, 1986;Nozaki et al, 1993;Chen et al, 2001; for review see Buttner-Ennever and Holstege, 1986). Similarly, the reticular formation in birds contains the CPG for rhythmic acts such as pecking and jaw movements (Berkhoudt et al, 1982;Wild et al, 1985).…”

Section: Brainstem Reticular Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several lines of anatomical and physiological evidence support the conclusion that pre-FMNs in the brainstem reticular formation are part of a CPG that controls rhythmic whisking. Neurons in this region are involved in other types of rhythmic motor acts in mammals, such as licking, mastication, and locomotion (Drew et al, 1986;Nozaki et al, 1993;Chen et al, 2001; for review see Buttner-Ennever and Holstege, 1986). Similarly, the reticular formation in birds contains the CPG for rhythmic acts such as pecking and jaw movements (Berkhoudt et al, 1982;Wild et al, 1985).…”

Section: Brainstem Reticular Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional circuitry involved in the regulation of whisker movements

Hattox

Priest

Keller

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

155

143

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Neuroanatomical tract-tracing methods were used to identify the oligosynaptic circuitry by which the whisker representation of the motor cortex (wMCx) influences the facial motoneurons that control whisking activity (wFMNs). Injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B into physiologically identified wFMNs in the lateral facial nucleus resulted in dense, bilateral labeling throughout the brainstem reticular formation and in the ambiguus nucleus as well as predominantly ipsilateral labeling in the paralemniscal, pedunculopontine tegmental, Kölliker-Fuse, and parabrachial nuclei. In addition, neurons in the following midbrain regions projected to the wFMNs: superior colliculus, red nucleus, periaqueductal gray, mesencephalon, pons, and several nuclei involved in oculomotor behaviors. Injections of the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine into the wMCx revealed direct projections to the brainstem reticular formation as well as multiple brainstem and midbrain structures shown to project to the wFMNs. Regions in which retrograde labeling and anterograde labeling overlap most extensively include the brainstem parvocellular, gigantocellular, intermediate, and medullary (dorsal and ventral) reticular formations; ambiguus nucleus; and midbrain superior colliculus and deep mesencephalic nucleus. Other regions that contain less dense regions of combined anterograde and retrograde labeling include the following nuclei: the interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus, the pontine reticular formation, and the lateral periaqueductal gray. Premotoneurons that receive dense inputs from the wMCx are likely to be important mediators of cortical regulation of whisker movements and may be a key component in a central pattern generator involved in the generation of rhythmic whisking activity. Keywordscentral pattern generator; motor cortex; facial nucleus; brainstem; rat Production of rhythmic whisker movements ("whisking") is a critical exploratory behavior in several mammalian species (see, e.g., Vincent, 1912;Brecht et al., 1997) and is emerging as a model system for studying mechanisms of voluntary movements (Kleinfeld et al., 1997). Whisking consists of large-amplitude protractions of the large mystacial vibrissae, with spectral components between 6 and 9 Hz (Semba and Komisaruk, 1984). The whisker representation of the motor cortex (wMCx) occupies approximately one-third of the rodent motor cortex, and low-intensity stimulation of this region evokes whisker protractions (Donoghue and Wise, 1982;Weiss and Keller, 1994). The patterns of afferent, efferent, and intracortical connections of the wMCx suggest that the area is devoted primarily to regulating whisker movements (Donoghue and Parham, 1983;Miyashita et al., 1994;Weiss and Keller, 1994). However, the mechanisms by which the wMCx regulates whisking are at present unknown. Support for a role of the wMCx in regulating whisking is derived from studies demonstrating correlations between wMCx unit activity and EMG recorded from the whis...

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“…6 and 7; for a review, see ref. 8) but can be modified within certain limits by the accessibility of the spout and the length of tongue travel required to reach the spout (9,10 (12,17,18). The neurons of these nuclei, the solitary nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal complex were identified as brain stem afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%