Trigeminocardiac reflex: A MaxFax literature review

Classification of Potential Risk Factors for Trigeminocardiac Reflex in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery

“…However, besides the mentioned therapies, recognition of bradycardia is the first step in treatment. 22 Predisposing factors besides cardiac disease are hypoxia and hypercarbia, and use of opioids and ß -blockers. Any of these factors should lead to an upgrade of the risk assessment according to Table 2.…”

Extraction bradycardia: a pilot case-crossover study

“…Small internuncial nerve fibers of the reticular formation connect the afferent to the efferent pathway. The efferent pathway originated from the motor nucleus of the vagal nerve and sends depressor fibers to the myocardium thus complementing the reflex arc [14,15]. The patients in our present series did not show a biphasic alteration of HR.…”

“…Stimulation of the cranial nerve V anywhere throughout its course, let it be the three peripheral branches namely maxillary mandibular or ophthalmic branches, has been shown to be associated with an abrupt decrease of HR which is thought to be as significant as about 20% in central type of the reflex observed during neurosurgical and other skull base procedures [14-17]. After some first works by Guiesepe & Arscher in 1908, this reflex, called trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR), was introduced and described in detail by Schaller et al since 1999 [18].…”

“…After some first works by Guiesepe & Arscher in 1908, this reflex, called trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR), was introduced and described in detail by Schaller et al since 1999 [18]. The afferent pathway of the TCR consists of short and long ciliary nerves, which relay the impulses to the ciliary ganglion and then to the Gasserian ganglion [14,18]. The afferent pathway is completed in the sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve in the floor of the forth ventricle [14,18].…”

“…The afferent pathway of the TCR consists of short and long ciliary nerves, which relay the impulses to the ciliary ganglion and then to the Gasserian ganglion [14,18]. The afferent pathway is completed in the sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve in the floor of the forth ventricle [14,18]. Small internuncial nerve fibers of the reticular formation connect the afferent to the efferent pathway.…”