Trigenerative micro compressed air energy storage: Concept and thermodynamic assessment

Facci, Andrea Luigi; Sánchez, David; Jannelli, Elio; Ubertini, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.026

Cited by 96 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At a large scale, it is a strong alternative to the pumped hydroelectric when nearby mountains are not available [1,5]. In addition, at smaller scales, CAES attracted recently more attention due to their possible benefits [6][7][8][9][10] and their potential applications especially for off-grid sites as demonstrated by the studies of Jannelli et al [9] and Zafirakis et al [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system: Modeling and parametric optimization study

Cheayb

Mylène²,

Poncet

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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In this paper, a trigenerative compressed air energy storage system is considered giving priority to the electric energy production with the objective to apply it at a micro-scale, typically a few kW. A whole detailed thermodynamic model of the system is developed including the existing technological aspects and the relations between components. The study then focuses on investigating the mutual effects of the design parameters and their influences on the system performances, energy density and heat exchanger footprints via a parametric study. From this analysis, it is found that the temperature of the thermal energy storage, the number of compression stages and the effectiveness of heat exchangers should be selected as a trade-off between the system efficiencies, heat exchangers footprints and the required number of expansion stages. Meanwhile, the selection of the maximum storage pressure is a choice whether to increase the energy density or the system efficiencies. An optimal design guideline of the above key parameters is then provided. This guideline, the method and the procedure presented in this paper can be applied to the optimization of the trigenerative compressed air energy storage and could be extended for the adiabatic one with minor changes. Based on existing technologies and using an optimal set of parameters, the round trip electrical efficiency of our system remains low at 17%, while the comprehensive efficiency reaches 27.2%. The poor performances are mainly linked to the exergy losses in the throttling valve and the low values of the component efficiencies at a micro-scale. The most optimization potentials are also addressed. Abbreviations CAES compressed air energy storage A-CAES adiabatic CAES T-CAES trigenerative CAES TES thermal energy storage AM compressed air motor HEX heat exchanger Pinch pinch point temperature difference η efficiency COP coefficient of performance η g comprehensive efficiency Recently, this technology regained attention with a major improvement, namely the use of the heat from the compression process in the expansion phase. This second generation recognized as adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) could be competitive with others EES as found by the techno-economic study of Abdon et al. [15], thanks

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system: Modeling and parametric optimization study

Cheayb

Mylène²,

Poncet

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…Generally, in SS-CAES system, fuel combustion is not needed because the compression heat is collected, stored, and re-used to heat the compressed air before being expanded in the turbine or the reciprocating air motor. If the cooling energy in the discharged air is collected, the SS-CAES may act as a tri-generative system, for simultaneous production of cold, heat and electricity [4,9,[31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate the performance of SS-CAES system by means of numerical simulations, numerous thermodynamics models have been developed during recent years. Generally, these models are based on the first law of thermodynamics with imposed design and operating parameters of the analyzed systems [9,32,34]. Unfortunately, energy analysis does not provide the information about the locations of energy degradation in a process and does not quantify the irreversibility in different components of the storage system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Optimal Parameters for a Small-Scale Compressed-Air Energy Storage System Using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

2019

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Compressed-Air energy storage (CAES) is a well-established technology for storing the excess of electricity produced by and available on the power grid during off-peak hours. A drawback of the existing technique relates to the need to burn some fuel in the discharge phase. Sometimes, the design parameters used for the simulation of the new technique are randomly chosen, making their actual construction difficult or impossible. That is why, in this paper, a small-scale CAES without fossil fuel is proposed, analyzed, and optimized to identify the set of its optimal design parameters maximizing its performances. The performance of the system is investigated by global exergy efficiency obtained from energy and exergy analyses methods and used as an objective function for the optimization process. A modified Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) is used to maximize the global exergy efficiency depending on thirteen design parameters. The results of the optimization indicate that corresponding to the optimum operating point, the consumed compressor electric energy is 103 . 83 k W h and the electric energy output is 25 . 82 k W h for the system charging and discharging times of about 8.7 and 2 h, respectively. To this same optimum operating point, a global exergy efficiency of 24.87% is achieved. Moreover, if the heat removed during the compression phase is accounted for in system efficiency evaluation based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, an optimal round-trip efficiency of 79.07% can be achieved. By systematically analyzing the variation of all design parameters during evolution in the optimization process, we conclude that the pneumatic motor mass flow rate can be set as constant and equal to its smallest possible value. Finally, a sensitivity analysis performed with the remaining parameters for the change in the global exergy efficiency shows the impact of each of these parameters.

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“…We note that, in the low-τ area, the efficiency decreases with lower values of ξ, which is to say for higher heat dissipation in the air storage tank. Moreover, the round-trip efficiency does not change with ξ as long as 4 > 2 ′ ; in that case, the temperature at the turbine inlet is determined by the regenerator, as shown in Equation (12). …”

Section: Regenerated Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large scale CAES systems are applicable only in specific sites, as they require suitable underground geological characteristics to host a feasible air reservoir. However, the same principle could be used to store energy for distributed power networks, as proposed in [12,16], with multipurpose micro-CAES systems that provide energy storage and generation with various heat sources. In this smaller application, air could be also stored over ground.…”

Section: Mechanical Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Hydrogen and Mechanical Distributed Energy Storage

2017

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Effective energy storage technologies represent one of the key elements to solving the growing challenges of electrical energy supply of the 21st century. Several energy storage systems are available, from ones that are technologically mature to others still at a research stage. Each technology has its inherent limitations that make its use economically or practically feasible only for specific applications. The present paper aims at integrating hydrogen generation into compressed air energy storage systems to avoid natural gas combustion or thermal energy storage. A proper design of such a hybrid storage system could provide high roundtrip efficiencies together with enhanced flexibility thanks to the possibility of providing additional energy outputs (heat, cooling, and hydrogen as a fuel), in a distributed energy storage framework. Such a system could be directly connected to the power grid at the distribution level to reduce power and energy intermittence problems related to renewable energy generation. Similarly, it could be located close to the user (e.g., office buildings, commercial centers, industrial plants, hospitals, etc.). Finally, it could be integrated in decentralized energy generation systems to reduce the peak electricity demand charges and energy costs, to increase power generation efficiency, to enhance the security of electrical energy supply, and to facilitate the market penetration of small renewable energy systems. Different configurations have been investigated (simple hybrid storage system, regenerate system, multistage system) demonstrating the compressed air and hydrogen storage systems effectiveness in improving energy source flexibility and efficiency, and possibly in reducing the costs of energy supply. Round-trip efficiency up to 65% can be easily reached. The analysis is conducted through a mixed theoretical-numerical approach, which allows the definition of the most relevant physical parameters affecting the system performance.

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Trigenerative micro compressed air energy storage: Concept and thermodynamic assessment

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

Micro-scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system: Modeling and parametric optimization study

Micro-scale trigenerative compressed air energy storage system: Modeling and parametric optimization study

Identification of Optimal Parameters for a Small-Scale Compressed-Air Energy Storage System Using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm

Hybrid Hydrogen and Mechanical Distributed Energy Storage

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