Trigger factors mainly from the environmental type are reported by adolescents with migraine

Abstract

Migraine is a chronic debilitating neurological condition, which can be elicited by several trigger factors. Migraine usually begins during childhood or adolescence and can remain with the patient for their entire life 1 . A migraine trigger is any factor that on exposure or withdrawal leads to the development of an acute migraine attack in a susceptible individual. Migraine triggers may be categorized as behavioral, environmental, infectious, dietary, chemical or hormonal ; however, other factors such as alcohol intake, excessive caffeine consumption and hormonal factors in women have also been recognized. Despite its importance, little is known about migraine trigger factors in our society.Many studies about migraine triggers have been performed; however, most of these studies examined adult migraine. In comparison, there is very sparse literature regarding triggers for childhood migraine. Furthermore, childhood migraine are significantly different from adult migraine in various aspects including gender, the duration and the site of pain localization 2 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trigger factors in adolescents with migraine chronic and episodic. AbsTrAcTMigraine can be triggered by many factors such as stress, sleep, fasting and environmental causes. There are few studies that evaluated migraine trigger factors in the adolescent population. Methods: A total of 100 participants from 10 to 19 years were subjected to a detailed headache questionnaire, with demographic and clinical data, and a headache diary including trigger factors during a two-month period was asked. Results: Fifty of the participants exhibited chronic migraine and the other 50 participants demonstrated episodic migraine. The most common group of trigger factors reported was the environmental one, mainly sun/clarity, followed by hot weather and the smell of perfume. Conclusions: Ninety-one percent of children and adolescents with migraine reported a trigger factor precipitating the migraine attack.Key words: migraine disorders, headache, adolescent, precipitating factors. resumoCrises de migrânea podem ser desencadeadas por muitos fatores, como estresse, sono, jejum e causas ambientais. Poucos estudos avaliaram os fatores desencadeantes de migrânea em adolescentes. Métodos: Cem pacientes, de 10 a 19 anos, foram submetidos a um questioná-rio detalhado sobre sua cefaleia, com dados demográficos e clínicos e um diário da cefaleia, incluindo perguntas sobre os fatores desencadeantes, por um período de dois meses. Resultados: Cinquenta pacientes apresentavam migrânea episódica e 50, migrânea crônica. O grupo de fatores desencadeantes mais frequentemente relatado foi o ambiental, principalmente sol ou claridade, seguido pelo clima quente e pelo cheiro de perfume. Conclusões: Noventa e um por cento dos adolescentes com migrânea relataram pelo menos um fator desencadeante de crises álgicas.

Advancing the symptom science model with environmental health

“…Simple measurements of environmental endotype that are often used in nursing include patient diaries with self‐report of environmental exposures documented temporally with symptoms such as migraine headache, autoimmune disease exacerbation, and chronic lung disease exacerbation (Ananthakrishnan et al, ; Fraga et al, ; Mamiya et al, ). The predictive utility, sensitivity and specificity of these diary‐type patient‐reported outcome measures can also vary widely, and provide a promising area for future environmental health research, particularly in research augmented with phenotype and biomarker measurement.…”

Behavioral management of headache in children and adolescents

“…A headache diary can be a useful way to keep headache attacks under control [39]. Headache triggers often include stress, sleep disorders, weather, lights, odours, sounds and specific foods [40–42]. …”

Headache Research and Medical Practice in Brazil: An Historical Overview

“…In Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, there are several centers dealing with headache disorders and an excellent scientific production has been made by a number of headache specialists, mentioning Abouch Krymchantowski, Carla da Cunha Jevoux, Maurice Vincent, Pedro Ferreira Moreira Filho, Jano Alves de Souza, Maria Eduarda Nobre in Rio de Janeiro; Celia P. Roesler, Deusvenir de Souza Carvalho, Eliova Zukerman, Mario Fernando Prieto Peres,…”

“…We will mention a few of these: Mario Arruda, 5,151,182,187,193,[448][449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456][457][458][459][460] Deusvenir de Souza Carvalho 196 Liselotte Menke Barea, 106,434,[443][444][445] and Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha. [207][208][209]386,387,390,402,404,406,412 A few experimental research studies on headache were developed in Brazil. 252,461 We had introduced a new experimental model of headache using rats injected with formalin in the frontal area, and the behavioral changes induced by the provoked pain were observed.…”