Triggering a radial multichannel pseudospark switch using electrons emitted from material with high dielectric constant

Bergmann, K.; Lebert, R.; Kiefer, J.; Neff, W.

doi:10.1063/1.119986

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The probe is placed at 5.5 mm from the FPS surface. Plasma density in argon at Pϳ8 Torr is estimated as n i ϳ(4 -8)ϫ10 13 Torr, there is a transition from vacuum surface discharge to the gas discharge, and the surface discharge in this pressure range sustains the gas discharge. At pressures between 20 and 80 Torr, surface discharges are suppressed, and FPS operates in pure gas discharge mode, with the formation of almost uniform plasma along the entire surface of the ceramics between strips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threshold of the gas discharge mode is several times less than the threshold of the surface discharge mode. Maximal density of the expanding plasma in the combined surface and gas discharge mode is estimated as (4 -8)ϫ10 13 cm Ϫ3 at the distance of 5.5 mm from the surface. Electron temperature at 1 s from the beginning of the driving pulse is about of 8 -9 eV and decreases with time and distance from the FPS surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This estimation of the plasma density based on the measured ion current yields n i Ͻ(4 -8)ϫ10 13 cm Ϫ3 at xϭ5.5 mm from the surface, t ϭ2.2 ms from the beginning of the driving pulse, U dr ϭ4 kV, and Pϭ5 Torr of Ar. At xϭ11 mm, the density is much lower, n i р10 11 cm Ϫ3 , and could not be determined confidently from the ion saturation current because of very low ion current to the probe.…”

Section: Gas Discharge Mode Of Fps Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operation of ferroelectric plasma sources in a gas discharge mode

Dunaevsky

Fisch

2004

Physics of Plasmas

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Ferroelectric plasma sources in vacuum are known as sources of ablative plasma, formed due to surface discharge. In this paper, observations of a gas discharge mode of operation of the ferroelectric plasma sources (FPS) are reported. The gas discharge appears at pressures between ∼20 and ∼80 Torr. At pressures of 1–20 Torr, there is a transition from vacuum surface discharge to the gas discharge, when both modes coexist and the surface discharges sustain the gas discharge. At pressures between 20 and 80 Torr, the surface discharges are suppressed, and FPS operates in pure gas discharge mode, with the formation of almost uniform plasma along the entire surface of the ceramics between strips. The density of the expanding plasma is estimated to be about 1013 cm−3 at a distance of 5.5 mm from the surface. The power consumption of the discharge is comparatively low, making it useful for various applications. This paper also presents direct measurements of the yield of secondary electron emission from ferroelectric ceramics, which, at low energies of primary electrons, is high and dependent on the polarization of the ferroelectric material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Discharge Mode Of Fps Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operation of ferroelectric plasma sources in a gas discharge mode

Dunaevsky

Fisch

2004

Physics of Plasmas

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“…In Ref. [88], a ferroelectric cathode was employed to trigger a radial, multichannel pseudospark switch. Distributing the current over several discharge channels allows large discharge currents to be achieved.…”

Section: Application Of Ferroelectric Plasma Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron emission from ferroelectric plasma cathodes

Mesyats¹

2008

Phys.-Usp.

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Recent and not so recent experimental data are analyzed to show that the reason for strong electron emission from dielectric cathodes is the incomplete discharge occurring on the dielectric surface due to the electric field there being tangentially nonzero. The places of origin of such discharges are the metal ± dielectric ± vacuum triple junctions (TJs). As the discharge plasma moves over the surface of the dielectric electrode, the bias current arises, and an electric microexplosion occurs at a TJ. If the number of TJs is large, as it is for a metal grid held tightly to a ferroelectric, electron currents of up to 10 4 A with densities of more than 10 2 A cm À2 can be achieved. A surface discharge is initiated by applying a triggering pulse to the metal substrate deposited beforehand onto the opposite side of the ferroelectric. If this pulse leads the accelerating voltage pulse, the electron current is many times the Child ± Langmuir current. The reason for the ferroelectric effect is the large permittivity (e b 10 3 ) of the materials used (BaTiO 3 , PLZT, PZT). Although these devices have come to be known as ferroelectric cathodes, we believe ferroelectric plasma cathodes would be a better term to use to emphasize the key role of plasma effects. G A Mesyats P N Lebedev Physical Institute,

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“…For example, pseudospark devices have been developed as pulsed power switches [9], EUV radiation sources [10], and as intense electron beam sources [11]. The electron beams produced in the HCR are also applied in material processing [12], thinfilm technologies [13], and intense soft X-ray sources [14] in addition to pulsed-electron-beam fluorescence [15] and plasma generation by high energy electron beams, which is one of the most efficient ways of ionizing cold gases [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Cathode Electron Beam Formation and Effects on X-Ray Emission in Capillary Discharges

Valdivia

Wyndham

Favre

2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Electron beams produced by the hollow cathode effect are studied in a compact gas filled 24-kV, 5-kA capillary discharge. The characteristics and role of electron beams on X-ray production are studied in order to better understand their impact on X-ray production. X-ray plasma emission is analyzed with a spectrometer, while wideband diodes and Faraday cup probe both electron beams and X-rays. Electron beams of >5 keV are observed early on the discharge and two types of electron beams are identified: a first beam of high energy and low current (with a speed of ∼5 × 10 7 m/s and a current density of ∼4 × 10 −2 A/cm 2 ) enhanced by larger cathode apertures, and a second beam of low energy and high current enhanced by smaller cathode apertures. The use of a simple configuration of external magnets prevents X-ray fluorescence production, caused by electron beams, from reaching electronic detectors hence confusion when evaluating X-ray yield from the plasma source is avoided. This is particularly important in extreme ultraviolet lithography and soft X-ray production applications. Furthermore, the presence of the external magnets does not modify line emission, which is detected by means of spectrometry. Therefore, the use of external magnets provides a way to discriminate X-ray diode signals produced by source emitted X-rays and X-ray fluorescence from electron beams.

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Triggering a radial multichannel pseudospark switch using electrons emitted from material with high dielectric constant

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Operation of ferroelectric plasma sources in a gas discharge mode

Operation of ferroelectric plasma sources in a gas discharge mode

Electron emission from ferroelectric plasma cathodes

Hollow Cathode Electron Beam Formation and Effects on X-Ray Emission in Capillary Discharges

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