Triglyceride metabolism in pregnancy

Ghio, Alessandra; Bertolotto, Alessandra; Resi, Veronica; Volpe, L; Cianni, Graziano Di

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387042-1.00007-1

Cited by 181 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…from the lipogenic activity in the fetal liver, adrenal, and testes ( 2 ). Conversely, increased TGs during pregnancy have been shown to augment the risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) ( 2,5 ).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Cdna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, increased TGs during pregnancy have been shown to augment the risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) ( 2,5 ). The lipid metabolism and plasma levels are also affected by maternal factors such as body mass index (BMI), maternal weight gain, maternal nutrition, prepregnancy lipid levels, and various medical complications of pregnancy such as diabetes ( 6 ).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Cdna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype

Hentschke

Poli-de-Figueiredo

Costa

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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Gestational hyperlipidemia is a common factor in pregnancy in which the maternal circulating lipid profile changes from an anabolic to a catabolic state, increasing lipids, especially triglycerides (TGs) and lipoproteins ( 1 ). From the 12th week of gestation, phospholipids, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, and TGs increase in response to estrogen stimulation and insulin resistance ( 2 ). Thus, during the fi rst two trimesters, it is common to see maternal fat accumulation; however, in the third trimester there is enhanced lipolytic activity and decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the adipose tissue, consequently, fat storage declines or ceases ( 3 ). Early in gestation, the lipids are required to develop the fetal brain and central nervous system ( 4 ), to build cell membranes, and as a precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones ( 2 ). However, a maternal source of lipids is still required until term, but in lower amounts, possibly due to some fetal-derived lipids Abstract Atherosis of spiral arteries in uteroplacental beds from preeclamptic women resemble those of atherosclerosis, characterized by increased plasma lipids and lipoproteins. We hypothesized that: 1 ) lipoprotein receptors/ transporters in the placenta would be upregulated in preeclampsia, associated with increased maternal and fetal lipoprotein concentrations; and 2 ) expression of these would be reduced in preeclamptic placentae from women delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Placental biopsies and maternal and umbilical serum samples were taken from 27 normotensive and 24 preeclamptic women. Maternal/ umbilical cord serum LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Placental mRNA expression of lipoprotein receptors/transporters were quantifi ed using quantitative RT-PCR. Protein localization/expression of LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) in the preeclamptic placentae with/without SGA was measured by immunohistochemistry. Placental mRNA expression of all genes except paraoxonase-1 ( PON-1 ), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( MTTP ), and protein disulfi de isomerase family A member 2 ( PDIA2 ) were observed. No differences for any lipoprotein receptors/transporters were found between groups; however, in the preeclamptic group placental LRP-1 expression was lower in SGA delivering mothers (n = 7; P = 0.036). LRP-1 protein was localized around fetal vessels and Hofbauer cells. This is the fi rst detailed study of maternal/fetal lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptor mRNA expression in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. These fi ndings do not support a role of altered lipid metabolism in preeclampsia, but may be involved in fetal growth. -Hentschke, M. R., C. E. Abbreviations: AGA, adequate-for-gestational-age; BMI, body mass index; FGR, fetal growth restriction; FGR-M, fetal growth restriction without hemodynamic changes; FGR-S, fetal growth restriction with hemodynamic changes; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-R , LDL receptor; LRP-1, LDL receptor-related pro...

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Section: Rna Extraction and Cdna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna Extraction and Cdna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype

Hentschke

Poli-de-Figueiredo

Costa

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…21,27 However, during pregnancy, there is an increase of TG in the first trimester. 28 Lipids are used as an energy source for the fetus, and as precursors for bile acids and steroid hormones. Increased TG levels can be notably high independent of ART use.…”

Section: Changes In Laboratory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Antepartum Viral Load with Increased Lopinavir/Ritonavir Dosage in Pregnancy

Bonafé

Costa

Vaz

et al. 2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is significantly reduced if antepartum viral load (apVL) is < 50 copies/mL. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest increasing the dosage of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in pregnancy. It is important to assess tolerance, safety, and rate of patients presenting a apVL < 50 copies/mL when treating with increased dose of LPV/r during pregnancy. Confirmed HIV-infected pregnant women with a fetus at a gestational age of 14-33 weeks were randomly assigned to receive LPV/r 400/100 or 600/150 mg b.i.d. plus two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs). Treatment was discontinued in the case of alanine transaminase (ALT) of grade III elevation or higher, glucose, or triglycerides. Thirty-two women were randomized to the LPV/r 400/ 100 mg dose, and 31 women were randomized to the 600/150 mg dose. Overall, 9.4% of the women receiving the conventional dose, and 17.2% receiving the increased dose, discontinued treatment because of adverse events ( p = 0.29). The rates of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, preterm delivery, and low birth weight were similar in both groups. There were no cases of HIV MTCT. Among the women with a baseline VL > 50 copies/mL assigned to the conventional dose group, 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62.5-27.5%) had a apVL > 50 copies/mL compared with 10.5% (95% CI 21.6-0.6%) of those assigned to the increased dose group ( p = 0.01). There was no significant difference found for the patients with a baseline VL < 50 copies/mL. In pregnant women with a baseline VL > 50 copies/mL, it may be warranted to initiate LPV/r dosing at 600/ 150 mg, whereas the conventional dose is sufficient for pregnant women with a baseline VL < 50 copies/mL.

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“…Changes in intermediary metabolism occurring during pregnancy aim to meet the energy requirements of the pregnant women and ensure adequate nutrient supply to the fetus [1,2]. Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylaminobutyric acid) is an essential cofactor that plays a central role in fatty acid (FA) metabolism by transferring the long-chain FAs across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix, where they are catabolized via β-oxidation [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Circulating Levels of Maternal and Neonatal Carnitine

Agakidou¹,

Diamanti²,

Papoulidis³

et al. 2013

J Diabetes Metab

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Objectives: Free carnitine is reported to decrease in normal pregnancies whereas data on the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and offspring carnitine status are lacking. This study aimed to assess changes in carnitine status in mothers with GDM and the offspring. Subjects/methods:Prospective case-control study of 54 pairs of mothers -neonates (27 with GDM and 27 with normal pregnancies) and 26 non-pregnant controls. Serum glucose, lipids, and total fatty acids, blood β-hydroxybutyric acid, and whole blood carnitine were assessed in mothers before labor and neonates at birth. Carnitine was assessed in dried blood-spots on Guthrie paper using Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Results: Compared to the controls, both groups of mothers had lower free carnitine and acylcarnitine and higher triglyceride and fatty acid levels. Compared to their respective maternal group, both groups of neonates had significantly higher free carnitine and acylcarnitine and lower triglyceride and fatty acid levels. Free carnitine and acylcarnitine, were comparable between the two maternal groups, whereas they were significantly higher in neonates of GDM mothers versus healthy neonates. Conclusions:Well controlled GDM does not exacerbate changes in free carnitine, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid levels in pregnant women, albeit it is associated with increased carnitine in the newborn indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation. The potential association of carnitine changes with macrosomia and long-term consequences in the offspring of GDM needs further investigation. increased in neonates born to mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies [6,11], whereas there are no published data on the effect of GDM on the neonatal carnitine levels. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of GDM on maternal and offspring's carnitine levels. In addition, we investigated the possible association between circulating carnitine levels and FA changes in the mothers and their neonates. Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Circulating Levels of Maternal and Subjects and MethodsThis is a prospective case-control study. Participants were recruited among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of the 2 nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, at the Hippokration General Hospital, during a twoyear period. Eligible for the study were all pregnant women with single pregnancies who had an abnormal glucose tolerance test at 26-28 weeks of gestation and no history of pre-gestational diabetes. An

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Triglyceride metabolism in pregnancy

Cited by 181 publications

References 82 publications

Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype

Is the atherosclerotic phenotype of preeclamptic placentas due to altered lipoprotein concentrations and placental lipoprotein receptors? Role of a small-for-gestational-age phenotype

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Antepartum Viral Load with Increased Lopinavir/Ritonavir Dosage in Pregnancy

Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Circulating Levels of Maternal and Neonatal Carnitine

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