Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Their Role in Atherosclerosis

Castillo-Núñez, Yulino; Morales-Villegas, Enrique; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.

doi:10.24875/ric.21000416

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…GPAT1 is highly expressed in the liver, and deficiency of GPAT1 can reduce the plasma level of TG and secretion rate of VLDL ( Hammond et al, 2005 ; Neschen et al, 2005 ). TG synthesis pathways and its metabolism in liver have been well-documented in the literature ( Alves-Bezerra and Cohen, 2017 ; Lee and Ridgway, 2020 ; Castillo-Núñez et al, 2022 ). The assembly of TG is the primary way for the liver to store and export FA.…”

Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As TG is a kind of nonpolar and hydrophobic molecule, it must be combined with related proteins and lipids to form lipoprotein particles during transportation in blood ( Do et al, 2013 ; Castillo-Núñez et al, 2022 ). In the liver, a large amount of TGs are assembled with cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoprotein (apo) B100 (apoB100) into VLDL.…”

Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, some endogenous molecules, such as estrogen, mediate sex-specific modulation of TG metabolism. The secreted VLDL and CM particles transport FAs to muscle and adipose tissue for energy usage and/or storage via the blood flow ( Duran and Pradhan, 2021 ; Castillo-Núñez et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of importance, TGRL hydrolysis and the accumulation of intracellular TGs and free FAs, especially oxidized free FAs, play key roles in TGRL-mediated inflammation. Reductions in susceptibility of VLDL to LPL can attenuate the above inflammatory reactions ( Saraswathi and Hasty, 2006 ; Jinno et al, 2011 ; Castillo-Núñez et al, 2022 ). FAs are transported into cells passively or actively by transporters including plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein, fatty acid transport proteins, and cluster of differentiation 36 ( Mallick and Duttaroy, 2022 ).…”

Section: Tgrl and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TG is the main component of TGRL (CM and VLDL), and their remnants CMR and IDL ( Duran and Pradhan, 2021 ; Castillo-Núñez et al, 2022 ). Therefore, plasma TG concentration is a biomarker for TGRL and their remnants in circulation.…”

Section: Tgrl and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis

Zhang

Yin

Qiao

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death globally, and atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of CVDs. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong causal factor of atherosclerosis. However, the first-line lipid-lowering drugs, statins, only reduce approximately 30% of the CVD risk. Of note, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cannot be eliminated in a great number of patients even their LDL-C levels meet the recommended clinical goals. Previously, whether the elevated plasma level of triglyceride is causally associated with ASCVD has been controversial. Recent genetic and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) are the main causal risk factors of the residual ASCVD. TGRLs and their metabolites can promote atherosclerosis via modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of foam cells. In this article, we will make a short review of TG and TGRL metabolism, display evidence of association between TG and ASCVD, summarize the atherogenic factors of TGRLs and their metabolites, and discuss the current findings and advances in TG-lowering therapies. This review provides information useful for the researchers in the field of CVD as well as for pharmacologists and clinicians.

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Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Short Review Of Tg and Tgrlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tgrl and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tgrl and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis

Zhang

Yin

Qiao

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Risk stratification and lipid evaluation in mexican patients, evidence of lipid and cardiovascular analysis in REMECAR. The mexican registry of cardiovascular diseases (REMECAR group)

Ríos-Ibarra

Leiva-Pons²,

Rodríguez-Reyes³

et al. 2022

Atherosclerosis Plus

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Remnant cholesterol trajectory and subclinical arteriosclerosis: a 10-year longitudinal study of Chinese adults

Yang,

Tang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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We aimed to identify different trajectories of remnant cholesterol (RC) and investigate the association of RC trajectories with vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis progression in a longitudinal cohort of the Chinese population. A total of 521 participants were included in the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) subcohort study, and 7775 participants were included in the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) subcohort study. All participants had ≥ 3 medical examinations during the 10-year follow-up period. In the FMD subcohort study, three distinct RC trajectories were identified according to the RC range and changing pattern over time: “low” (57.58%), “moderate” (30.90%) and “high” (11.52%). The proportion of the three groups with vascular endothelial dysfunction (FMD < 7.0%) was 20.00%, 39.75% and 60.00% respectively. Taking the low group as a reference, participants in the moderate and high groups had over 1.88 and 2.94 times the odds of vascular endothelial dysfunction (P = 0.048). In the baPWV subcohort study, three distinct RC trajectories were also identified: “low” (54.29%), “moderate” (38.97%) and “high” (6.74%). The proportion of the three groups with atherosclerosis (baPWV > 1400 cm/s) was 38.79%, 51.26% and 59.01% respectively. Taking the low group as a reference, participants in the moderate and high groups had over 1.46 and 2.16 times the odds of atherosclerosis (P < 0.001). The findings indicated that distinct RC trajectories are significantly associated with vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Regular monitoring to identify persistent increases in RC may be more helpful in identifying individuals with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Their Role in Atherosclerosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis

Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis

Risk stratification and lipid evaluation in mexican patients, evidence of lipid and cardiovascular analysis in REMECAR. The mexican registry of cardiovascular diseases (REMECAR group)

Remnant cholesterol trajectory and subclinical arteriosclerosis: a 10-year longitudinal study of Chinese adults

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