Triglyceride Structure Modulates Gastrointestinal Digestion Fates of Lipids: A Comparative Study between Typical Edible Oils and Triglycerides Using Fully Designed in Vitro Digestion Model

Abstract

Three typical edible oils (palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) (glycerol tripalmitate, GTP; glycerol tristearate, GTS; glycerol trioleate, GTO) were selected to conduct digestion experiments using fully designed in vitro digestion model. The evolutions in mean particle diameter, ζ-potential, and microstructural changes during different digestion stages were investigated. Free fatty acid (FFA) release extent and kinetics were monitored by pH-Stat method. The particle characterization of different lipids during passage through the GIT depended on lipid type and the microenvironment they encountered. Absorbed surface protein can hardly be the obstacle for pancreas lipase to catalyze lipid hydrolysis after gastric digestion. The maximum FFA release level and apparent rate constant in small intestine digestion stage of the three oils and TAGs were: PO > RO > LO, GTP > GTS > GTO, respectively. PO showed the highest FFA release level and rate mainly due to the short chain length saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) specifically located in the Sn-1, 3 positions of TAG molecules in palm oil, while the Sn-1, 3 positions of TAG molecules in RO and LO were mainly mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:1 or C18:2), restricting the continuous hydrolysis reaction. These findings can provide some basic understanding of the digestion differences of different lipids, which may be useful for their nutritional and functional evaluation and the applicability in the food area.

Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion: Process optimization, in vitro digestive stability, and anti-Escherichia coli activity

“…A three-stage (oral, gastric, and intestinal) in vitro digestion model was established based on previous reports with slight modifications [32] , [33] , [34] . The first step was the preparation of simulated digestive juices for each digestion stage.…”

Extraction Technology Can Impose Influences on Peanut Oil Functional Quality: A Study to Investigate the Lipid Metabolism by Sprague–Dawley Rat Model

“…The FAMEs were obtained by collecting the upper layer solution, and then filtered through a 0.45 μm organic membrane filter. The fatty acid composition analysis protocols were developed by our own laboratory, which had been reported in detail in a recent paper (Ye, Cao, Liu, Cao, & Li, ). Briefly, 1.0 μL of the FAMEs was injected into GC, with nitrogen carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and split in a ratio of 1:100.…”

Study of the In Vitro Digestion of Olive Oil Enriched or Not with Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds. Relationships between Bioaccessibility of Main Components of Different Oils and Their Composition

“…In addition, it has also been reported that hydrolysis is more efficient the smaller the number of carbon atoms of the acyl groups [ 6 , 27 , 29 , 33 ]. For this reason, the tendency of palmitic group to hydrolyze should be greater than that of stearic group, although some authors find no difference between them [ 32 , 34 , 35 ]. Compositional data of the oils involved in this study given in Table 2 do not permit an analysis of some of the above-cited considerations.…”