Triglycerides/Glucose and Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Indices in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Metabolic changes have been correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study is to determine the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices in a cohort of healthy pregnant (n = 142), preeclamptic (n = 18), and healthy nonpregnant women (n = 56). Preeclamptic women were selected from the same cohort. Pregnant women were followed during three periods of pregnancy and postpartum. The results showed a significant increase in the values of TyG and TG/HDL-c (p < 0.01) as pregnancy progresses, without significant differences between healthy and preeclamptic women. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are significantly low in nonpregnant and three months' postpartum women when compared with each gestational period studied. TyG and TG/HDL-c indices are positively correlated with HOMA-IR in the early and middle pregnancy (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression using the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices as dependent variables showed that TyG index was significantly associated with HOMA-IR, gestational age, HDL-c, TC, LDL, fasting insulin, and mean BP (p < 0.001); meanwhile, TG/HDL-c index was only associated with HOMA-IR (p < 0.0242) and gestational age (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the TyG and TG/HDL-c indices could be useful in monitoring insulin resistance during pregnancy.

<p>The Predictive Ability of Two Triglyceride-Associated Indices for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Large for Gestational Age Infant Among Chinese Pregnancies: A Preliminary Cohort Study</p>

“…The present study showed that women who developed GDM had significantly increased TG/HDL-c ratios and TyG values in early pregnancy compared with controls; women with TG/HDL-c ratios or TyG values in the top tertile had a significantly higher risk of developing GDM and delivering LGA infants than did those with TG/HDL-c ratios or TyG values in the lowest tertile, suggesting that both TG/HDL-c and TyG at the time of the first trimester of pregnancy are independently and significantly associated with the later development of GDM and LGA infant delivery, which strengthens previous findings. [28][29][30] There were no statistical differences between TG/HDL-c and TyG in the ability of predicting the risk of GDM or LGA. The overall incidence of GDM (18.8%) in this study was slightly higher than that reported in a recent metaanalysis where the average incidence of GDM was estimated to be 15%.…”

“…45 In our study, we did analyse an index combined TG and FPG-the TyG index, which has been reported to be closely associated with insulin resistance in general population, [24][25][26] as well as in pregnancies. 28 Furthermore, a recent study has reported that the relative risk of GDM and LGA infants in women in the top levels (> 66.6th percentile) of TyG index among the study population was 4.9-folds and 5.3-folds of its risk in women in the bottom levels. 30 Likewise, we also found women in the highest tertile of TyG index had a significantly higher risk of developing GDM and delivering LGA infants than women in the lowest tertile in this study.…”

“…To be noted, the AUC value and 95% CI for TyG index to detect GDM was almost the same as HOMA-IR, which suggests TyG index is a good indicator of insulin resistance in early pregnancy. 28 Furthermore, we compared the ability of TG/HDL-c and TyG index to predict the risk of GDM and LGA infant delivery with the purpose of finding a better index to predict later pregnancy complications in early period of pregnancy. However, we found that there were no statistical differences among them in the ability of predicting the risk of GDM or LGA infant.…”

“…Recently, two triglyceride-associated markers, ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) and triglyceride glucose index (TyG), have been proposed as indicators of insulin resistance, [24][25][26][27] which is the principal pathophysiology of GDM. 6 Not only in the general population, but also in pregnant women, these two indices have been reported to be useful in monitoring insulin resistance during pregnancy, 28 as well as in predicting the risk of GDM and LGA newborn. 29,30 However, it is still unclear whether these indices have the same or different potential in predicting GDM or LGA infant delivery.…”

Early triglyceride and glucose index as a risk marker for gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Poveda et al 22 studied a group of women in early, middle, and late pregnancy to determine TyG values in healthy and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies. They reported a mean TyG index of 8.3 in early pregnancy, slightly lower than the value determined in our study.…”