Trigonella foenum-graecum Extract’s Effectiveness of Improvements in Renal Functions and Histological Profiles in Male Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Abstract

Among the most common metabolic endocrine disorders is diabetes mellitus. Nephropathy may be one of the causes of continuous uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM). It has been shown that streptozotocin (SZ)-induced oxidative stress damages pancreatic beta cells and results in hyperglycemia in rats, which leads to diabetic nephropathy. The goal of this investigation was to see if Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) flavonoid extract could protect the kidneys from the effects of (SZ). The goal of the current study was to determine if the ethanolic extract of (TFG) exhibited antioxidant activity against nephropathy resulting from the effects of diabetes due to (SZ). Animals in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were employed as experimental groups, whereas rats in group 1 received orally gavages of tap water and served as negative controls. Group 2 developed diabetes as a result of a single intramuscular injection of (SZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, In contrast, rats in groups 3 and 4 were given oral gavages of TFG herbal extracts (0.15 g/kg BW) in addition to being kept on an identical experimental protocol to that of the rats in groups 1 and 2, respectively. While group 5's diabetic rats that received orally gavages 3.5 mg/kg of glucophage XR treatment served as positive controls. Treatment with TFG of groups 3 and 4 recorded significantly (p≥0.05) enhanced of renal functions during blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (CT), and urea (UR) as well as noted hyperactivity of antioxidant enzyme, SOD, and GSHt, while CAT and GPx have remained within the boundaries of the negative and positive control group 1 and 5 respectively. The above results were reflected in the acute histopathological changes of the kidneys in the diabetic animals of group 2, while showed an improvement in the appearance of renal histology in diabetic rats of groups 3 and 4 treated with TFG. The group of rats treated with Glucophage XR had a relatively significant effect on kidney tissue compared to group 3. Fenugreek extract (TFG) extract can ameliorate the effects of the oxidative damages of SZ-induced diabetes.