Trigonelline Demonstrated Ameliorative Effects in Dexamethasone Induced Osteoporotic Rats

Abstract

Aim Trigonelline is a potent phytochemical present in fenugreek, which has strong anti-oxidant and phytoestrogenic activities. This study was carried out to investigate this estrogenic activity as a possible mechanisms involved in preventing the symptoms of osteoporosis in dexamethasone induced osteoporosis in rats. Materials and Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups, six animals in each group. Osteoporosis was induced using dexamethasone 0.1mg/kg subcutaneously in rats for three times per week for 8 consecutive weeks and treatment with drugs up to 12 weeks as per the treatment schedule described. After 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed; blood samples were collected from each rat and the clear, non hemolysed supernatant sera was used for biochemical examinations. Femurs were used for Bone Mineral Density (BMD), microcomputed tomography (Micro CT), histology and biochemical examinations. Results BMD, bone micro structure, serum calcium, phosphorus level and serum estradiol levels were decreased while serum PTH levels, SAP and acid phosphatase (ACP) were elevated in dexamethasone treated rats as compared to control (p<0.01). Dexmethasone treated animals showed loss of marrow at multifocal area, cartilage and trabeculae and thinning of trabeculae (bone resorption), zone of cartilage was poorly seen and fat cells in marrow. Trigonelline showed significant improvement and prevent the progression of osteoporosis by enhancing the BMD, restoring bone physiology. Conclusion Our results confirm the estrogenic activity of triogonelline, which is responsible for its effects; still, it needs further evaluation in other animal models to provide a more conclusive view for its therapeutic usefulness in osteoporosis.

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

“…For instance, estrogens rapidly decline in postmenopausal women, so prolonged medication is recommended when they require GC therapy to diminish the risk of osteoporosis. Male patients needing GC treatment may benefit from combining GCs with phytoestrogens, such as poncirin, 290 quercetin, 291 , 292 genistein, 293 trigonelline, 294 and icariin, 295 to reduce the risk of developing GC-induced osteoporosis. 270 , 296 Overall, phytoestrogens show some benefits, but their effectiveness in the context of GC-induced osteoporosis is not well established and needs further investigation.…”

“…Male patients taking GCs may benefit from combination with phytoestrogens, such as quercetin, poncirin, kaempferol, genistein, and icariin, to decrease the risk of GC-induced osteoporosis. 270 , 292 , 294 The Endocrine Society recommends testosterone replacement to males with symptoms of hypogonadism without contraindication to its use. 486 However, the effectiveness of testosterone in increasing BMD is less obvious than anti-osteoporosis medication.…”

Pharmacological Activities, Therapeutic Effects, and Mechanistic Actions of Trigonelline

“…TRG was shown to exert an estrogenic activity, preventing the dexamethasone-induced progression of osteoporosis by enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) and restoring bone physiology [ 108 ]. TRG increased bone density in non-hyperglycemic rats.…”

In vivo and in vitro Study to Evaluate the Anti-osteoporotic Activity of Punica granatum Seed, Bambusa arundinaceae Leaves and Trichosanthes diocio Fruit Ethanolic Extract

“…After 30 days of the treatment period, all the rats were sacrificed, and blood sample was collected from the carotid artery. The serum calcium level, serum phosphorus levels were done by the standard methods (Rathi et al, 2020).…”