Trihalomethane formation in ozonated and chlorinated surface water

Iriarte, Unai; Álvarez-Uriarte, Jon I.; López‐Fonseca, Rubén; González‐Velasco, Juan R.

doi:10.1007/s10311-002-0018-z

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…4(D = Chl., B = pH), TTHMs concentration at pH 8 was approximately 6 times higher when observed at pH 5, corroborating well with Rodriguez and Erodes [31]. This is due to the fact thatin TTHMformation,actual hydrolysis step is base-catalyzed, therefore boosted as hydroxyl concentration increases [9,32]. The significance of studied factors was analyzed by regression coefficients and ANOVA (Table 4).…”

Section: Effect Of Ha: Bron Speciation Of Tthmssupporting

confidence: 80%

Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM)

Rasheed

Hashmi

Kim

et al. 2017

Environmental Technology

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Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used to monitor and optimize species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network (DN). Independent variables such as applied chlorine (Cl), contact time (t), humic acid (HA) and bromide ions (Br) were analyzed using full factorial CCD. Analysis of variance revealed a good agreement between experimental data and proposed a two-factor interaction model (p = .04, R = 0.7983). As a precursor, Cl and Br interaction with HA affected THMs' speciation. These precursor molecules were perceived least significant as discrete elements but HA: Br and pH product significantly impacted total trihalomethane (TTHM) formation (r = 0.998, p = .007). This mutual interactive fraction was observed pH-dependent and influenced TTHM yield. Dibromochloromethane and bromoform formation was observed pH-dependent provided sufficient Br in the system. Applied chlorine had significant (p = .01), while time had insignificant (p = .75) effect. Multiple response optimization suggested pH range between 6.0 and 7.6 and HA: Br ratio between 1.3 and 5.9 were satisfactory for maintaining TTHM below ≤80 μg/L in DN with 0.88 desirability function (D). Their respective concentration may be minimized by changing precursor's individual concentration and possible combinations.

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Section: Effect Of Ha: Bron Speciation Of Tthmssupporting

confidence: 80%

Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM)

Rasheed

Hashmi

Kim

et al. 2017

Environmental Technology

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“…Trihalomethanes (THMs) is produced by the reaction of the residual chlorine with organic matter in seawater (Nebo et al, 2006). The levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) depends on several factors, such as the water temperature, pH value, total residual chlorine….etc (Goodman, 1987;Iriarte et al, 2003;Acero et al, 2005;Rodriguez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and levels of trihalomethanes in Suez bay water: Attaka power station (case study)

Soliman¹

2018

Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Developm

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Trihalomethanes have been identified as one of the most important disinfection byproducts resulted from using hypochlorite in power stations. So, Attaka power station was chosen as a case study which used hypochlorite as biological fouling control in its cooling seawater system. Water samples were collected monthly during 2016-2017 from four sits in the inlet, outlet, after dosing hypocrite and at mixing point. The seawater samples were analyzed for water temperature, pH value, salinity, oxidizible organic matter, total residual chlorine and trihalomethanes (THM's). The results showed that the two main forms of THMs formed in the receiving seawater were broomcorn and dibromochloromethan. The broomcorn compound was fluctuated between 12.16ppm and 237.25ppm with a mean value of 77.23 ppm and with a total annual of 926.76ppm, while dibromochloromethan ranged from 0.28 to 4.20ppm. Significant positive correlation was found between trihalmethnes fractions and both of the measured concentrations of the total residual chlorine and organic matter, while negative correlations with water temperatures and pH values were noticed. No correlation between trihalomethanes and salinity was recorded.

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“…In this respect, fractionation parameters such as membrane and resin type, or chlorination parameters such as chlorination dose, reaction time, pH and temperature are key factors for the outcome and the interpretation of the results. Although research already looked into the in uence of chlorination parameters on bulk samples (Hua and Reckhow, 2008;Iriarte et al, 2003), no assessments are done so far on how individual fractions react on certain changes in chlorination parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of disinfection by-product precursors by natural organic matter fractionation: a review

et al. 2022

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During water disinfection, natural organic matter reacts with chlorinated reagents to produced harmful byproducts, yet the formation and nature of those byproducts are poorly known. Therefore, scientists have focused on the fractionation of natural organic matter with membranes or resins to better understand how and which organic matter fractions react during chlorination. Here we compared the reactivity of disinfection by-products for various organic fractions with a meta-analysis of data from 400 water samples published in 80 publications, with focus on chlorination time and dose, (SUVA 254 ) and the column capacity factor used during resin fractionation. SUVA 254 refer to speci c ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm divided by the organic matter concentration. We found that hydrophobic compounds have 10-20% higher reactivity to both trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation, compared to hydrophilic compounds in waters with high SUVA 254 above 2 L/(mg•m), while hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds have equal reactivity in waters with low SUVA 254 . On the other hand, hydrophilic compounds are 20-80% more reactive towards emerging disinfection by-products, regardless of SUVA 254 .Chlorination time and dose does not in uence the reactivity ratio between the different fractions. An increase in column capacity factor can shift the reactivity ratio from hydrophobic to hydrophilic fractions. Dead-end, stirred cell ultra ltration membrane fractionation might not always produce sharply separated fractions, which is mainly due to fouling. Therefore, no clear correlation could be found between membrane fractions and all investigated disinfection by-product groups.

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Trihalomethane formation in ozonated and chlorinated surface water

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM)

Species-specific interaction of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in a scaled-up distribution network using response surface methodology (RSM)

Sources and levels of trihalomethanes in Suez bay water: Attaka power station (case study)

Identification of disinfection by-product precursors by natural organic matter fractionation: a review

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