Trimethoprim resistance gene in<i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>1 isolates obtained from widely scattered locations of Asia

Haider, Khaleda; Chatkaeomorakot, Arunsri; B, Kay; Talukder, Kaisar A.; Taylor, David N.; Echeverria, Peter; Sack, David A.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800059380

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within a single serotype multiple patterns were observed, indicating their clonal heterogeneity. In a previous study, numerous plasmid patterns were found in S. dysenteriae type 1 isolated from scattered as well as defined geographical origins (6). It was also shown elsewhere that the core plasmids (140, 6, and 2 MDa) were present in both the epidemic and nonepidemic isolates of S. dysenteriae type 1, which correlated with the results of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2003

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A total of 358 Shigella dysenteriae strains isolated from patients attending the Dhaka treatment center of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, between the years 1999 and 2002 were included in this study. S. dysenteriae type 1, the dominant serotype in 1999 (76.4%), declined to 6.5% in 2002. On the other hand, S. dysenteriae types 2 to 12 were isolated with increasing frequencies of 19, 67, 73.5, and 87% in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. Of these, types 2 and 4 were the most dominant serotypes, accounting for more than 18.7 and 28.5% of the total isolates, respectively. There was no isolation of serotypes 5, 7, 8, and 13 during this period. Twenty-eight (7.8%) of the isolates were atypical and agglutinated only with the polyvalent antiserum of S. dysenteriae. More than 98% of type 1 strains isolated between 1999 and 2001 were resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid. Among other serotypes of S. dysenteriae, Nal r type 2 strains were isolated in 2001 and 2002. Although heterogeneous plasmid profiles were obtained depending on the presence or absence of a single plasmid, core plasmids were defined for particular serotypes. On the other hand, the same plasmid profile was found to be shared by different serotypes. Interestingly, plasmid patterns of types 2 and 4 were almost identical except that a middle-range plasmid of 70 to 60 MDa was present in type 4 in addition to the core plasmids. All the strains harboring the 140-MDa plasmid were positive for the ipaH gene, had Congo red binding abilities, and were positive by the Sereny test, demonstrating their invasive properties.Shigellosis is one of the major diarrheal diseases afflicting humans in the developing and underdeveloped parts of the world, especially Bangladesh. Shigellosis produces inflammatory reactions and ulceration on the intestinal epithelium followed by bloody diarrhea and mucus in the stool. Shigellosis is endemic in Bangladesh, and it is estimated that dysentery accounts for 20% of deaths related to diarrhea among children (32). The genus Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis, is comprised of four species, namely, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii, and S. sonnei, and each of these species is further classified into 15 (including subtypes), 13, 18, and 1 serotypes, respectively, based on the O antigen component of lipopolysaccharide present on the outer membrane of the cell wall. S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae are the major concerns for developing countries. The manifestation of S. dysenteriae type 1 infection is more severe because of its capacity to produce Shiga toxin, which is exclusively produced by this type. Clinical infection can be transmitted by as few as 10 Shigella organisms (3), even without neutralization of gastric acid.At least three periods of epidemic outbreaks of dysentery due to S. dysenteriae 1 have been recorded previously in the Indian subcontinent, in 1972-1973, 1983-1984, and 1993-1994 (1, 9, 18, 24). Despite improvement of municipal wa...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2003

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“…It has been reported that African and Asian strains of Shiga bacillus show multiple species of small cryptic plasmids [13,15]. The present study showed that, other than S. dysenteriae type 2 which usually contained a single cryptic plasmid, non-Shiga isolates contained 3-6 cryptic plasmids less than 10 MDa in size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…This plasmid is thought to be responsible for bacterial invasiveness [25]. The 6-0 MDa plasmid which characterizes Shiga bacillus [13,15,26] was not found in any non-Shiga isolates. It seems that the 6-0 MDa plasmid is truly serotype-specific of the Shiga bacillus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistantShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in Ethiopia during 1976–85

Gebre-Yohannes

Drašar

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYPlasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out on 37 drug-resistant strains of Shigella dysenteriae types 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. These strains were collected between 1976 and 1985 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.The plasmid profile of S. dysenteriae type 2 strains with R-type CSSuT did not show middle-sized plasmids likely to code for CSSuT resistance. All strains contained a large plasmid of about 120 megadaltons (MDa), and a cryptic plasmid of about 2-2 MDa. The plasmid profiles of S. dysenteriae type 3 with R-types ACSSuT, SSuT and SSu showed a 4-2 MDa SSu-determinant, which was demonstrated in Escherichia coli K12 recipients resulting from triparental crosses. The ACT determinant in S. dysenteriae type 3 with R-type ACSSuT is probably chromosomally mediated. Cryptic plasmids of about 3 0 and 2-2 MDa were found in all S. dysenteriae type 3 isolates. The 4-2 MDa plasmid featured prominently in the plasmid profiles of S. dysenteriae types 4, 6 and 7 with R-types SSuT and SSu. However, this plasmid was not mobilizable by triparental crosses. There was a relative paucity of transferable plasmids in non-Shiga bacillus isolates. However, incompatibility group N plasmids, coding for tetracycline resistance, were detected.

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“…22 analysed the plasmid profiles of strains of Shiga's bacillus from different geographical locations other than Africa. The major resist- $ Three isolates were from epidemics in rural Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid profiles of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from Ethiopia with special reference to R-plasmids

Gebre-Yohannes

Drašar

1990

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Trimethoprim resistance gene inShigella dysenteriae1 isolates obtained from widely scattered locations of Asia

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Temporal Shifts in the Dominance of Serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistantShigella dysenteriaetypes 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in Ethiopia during 1976–85

Plasmid profiles of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from Ethiopia with special reference to R-plasmids

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