Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Compared with Vancomycin for the Treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection

Markowitz, Norman; Quinn, Edward; Saravolatz, Louis D.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-5-390

Cited by 323 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…59 Because trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole is not active against S pyogenes, additional agents may be needed if S pyogenes is suspected. Clindamycin is available IV and orally and has anti-MRSA activity but should be used with caution because of inducible or constitutive clindamycin resistance.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Therapy Guideline Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalist Perspective on the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Amin

Cerceo

Deitelzweig

et al. 2014

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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The prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has been increasing in the United States. These infections are associated with an increase in hospital admissions. Hospitalists play an increasingly important role in the management of these infections and need to use hospital resources efficiently and effectively. When available, observation units are useful for treating low-risk patients who do not require hospital admission. Imaging tools may help to exclude abscesses and necrotizing soft tissue infections; however, surgical exploration remains the principal means of diagnosing necrotizing soft tissue infections. The most common pathogens that cause SSTIs are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent pathogen, and concerns are increasing regarding the unclear distinctions between community-acquired and hospital-acquired MRSA. Other less frequent pathogens that cause SSTIs include Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cephalexin and clindamycin are suitable options for infections caused by streptococcal species and methicillin-susceptible S aureus. The increasing resistance of S aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes to erythromycin limits its use in these infections, and better alternatives are available. Parenteral cefazolin, nafcillin, or oxacillin can be used in hospitalized patients with nonpurulent cellulitis caused by streptococci and methicillin-susceptible S aureus. When oral MRSA therapy is indicated, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or linezolid is appropriate. Vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, telavancin, and ceftaroline fosamil are intravenous options that should be used in MRSA infections that require patient hospitalization. In the treatment of patients with SSTIs, hospitalists are at the forefront of providing proper patient care that reduces hospital costs, duration of therapy, and therapeutic failures. This review updates guidelines on the management of SSTIs with a focus on infections caused by S aureus, particularly MRSA, and outlines the role of the hospitalist in the effective management of SSTIs.

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Section: Antimicrobial Therapy Guideline Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalist Perspective on the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Amin

Cerceo

Deitelzweig

et al. 2014

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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“…Other infections associated with S. aureus in IDUs are septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and lung abscesses. Furthermore, an association between injection drug use and MRSA [19], and even outbreaks of MRSA infections among IDUs, have been described in the United States [20] and recently in Switzerland [21,22].…”

Section: S Aureus Infections In Idusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Injection Drug Users: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

2004

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Infections, in particular soft tissue infections (cellulitis, skin abscesses), are the leading cause for emergency department visits and hospital admissions of drug injection users (IDUs). Staphylococcus aureus is the most relevant bacterial pathogen in this population. It is the main cause of soft tissue infections and of severe infections such as endocarditis and bacteremia. Moreover, epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among IDUs has occurred in Europe and North America. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is associated with an increased risk of subsequent S. aureus infections, and it has been shown that active IDUs have a higher rate of colonization with S. aureus than the general population. However, it is still unknown why an individual carries S. aureus. In particular, repeated injections do not appear to be the main predisposing factor for S. aureus carriage. Infections associated with injection drug use are frequently the consequence of the illegal status of street drugs. Harm reduction programs, including needle exchange programs, safer injecting facilities and injection opiate substitution programs can reduce the incidence of infections among severely addicted IDUs.

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“…It has been demonstrated in humans that vancomycin is better than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in efficacy and safety in treating staphylococcal infections [40]. As such it is required to conduct animal clinical trials for synergistic action of vancomycin with other drugs.…”

Section: Therapeutic Indications Of Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although vancomycin is superior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in efficacy and safety, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can be given in selected cases of MRSA infection wherein vancomycin treatment failures [40].All of the above drugs are used in animals [60].Rifampin can be used to treat pneumonic condition in foals caused by Rhodcoccus equi at a dose rate of 5 to 10mg/ kg orally at 12 hour intervals. Rifampin has been suggested to use for the treatment of atypical bacterial infection in cats [5,60].Further the novel anti-MRSA cephalosporin ceftobiprole is at the pipeline.…”

Section: Alternative Therapy For Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy</strong>

Wijesekara

Kumbukgolla

Jayaweera

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Vancomycin is one of the 'last-line' classes of antibiotics used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Even though vancomycin was discovered in 1950s it was widely used after 1980s for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci as prevalence of such strains were increased.However, currently it is evident that vancomycin resistant Staphylococcusaureusandvancomycin-resistant Enterococci have been developed as a result of variousreasons including use of avaparcin, which is an analog of vancomycin, as feed additive in livestock. In present day context, more attention should be paid on prevention of emergence of resistance for the antibiotics in order to keep antibiotics effective. In order to prevent emergence of resistance, proper guidance for the responsible use of antimicrobials is indispensable. Therefore, almost all stakeholders who use antibiotics should have in depth understanding on the antibiotic they use. As such, it is imperative to be aware of the important aspects of vancomycin. In the present review, efforts have been made to discussthe pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, indications, emergence of resistance, control of resistance, adverse effects and alternative therapy for vancomycin.

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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Compared with Vancomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Cited by 323 publications

References 50 publications

Hospitalist Perspective on the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Hospitalist Perspective on the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Injection Drug Users: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

<strong>Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy</strong>

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